Amanqanaba amane eCOPD

Ngawaphi amanqanaba amane eCOPD (isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga)?

Yintoni iCOPD?

COPD ligama leqela leemeko zemiphunga - kuquka i-bronchitis engapheliyo kunye ne-emphysema - ebangela ukuba iindlela zomoya zibe mxinwa, zenza kube nzima ukuphefumla umoya ophuma emiphungeni. Kuqikelelwa ukuba bamalunga nezigidi ezingama-300 abantu abanale meko ehlabathini lonke. I-COPD sisifo esiba sibi kakhulu ekuhambeni kwexesha. Kweli phepha, sifuna ukucacisa izigaba ezine zeCOPD.

Yintoni inkqubo yovavanyo yeGOLD yeCOPD? 

IGOLD imele iNyathelo leHlabathi leSifo seMiphunga esiNgapheliyo, ngumbutho okhupha izikhokelo zamanye amazwe ngononophelo lweCOPD. Oogqirha kwihlabathi liphela basebenzisa izikhokelo zeGOLD xa besenza isigqibo sokunyanga nokunyanga abaguli babo abaneCOPD.

The Inkqubo yeGOLIDE Uvavanya i-COPD usebenzisa isiXhobo esiHloliweyo soVavanyo lwe-ABCD, esijonga:

• Iziphumo ze-Spirometry-ukuqinisekisa uxilongo lokuqala lweCOPD kunye nokulinganisa ukuphazamiseka komoya
• Iimpawu zakho kunye nendlela ezichaphazela ngayo ubomi bakho
• Umngcipheko wokuba ne-exacerbation (flare-up), kulapho iimpawu zakho zisiba mandundu ngesiquphe.

Ukusuka koku i-COPD yakho yahlelwa ngenani ukusuka kwiBanga loku-1 ukuya kwiBanga lesi-4, kunye neleta esuka kwiQela A ukuya kwiQela D. Ezi zinika ugqirha wakho ulwazi oluxabisekileyo ngendlela yokubeka iliso nokunyanga iCOPD yakho. Bayakukhumbula nokuchonga nokunyanga kwangoko naziphi na ezinye izifo onazo ezinokuthi zibe nefuthe kwiCOPD yakho.

Amanqanaba amane e-COPD: GOLD COPD kumabanga 1 ukuya ku-4

AmaBakala 1 ukuya ku-4 xelela ugqirha wakho malunga nenqanaba lokuthintela ukuhamba komoya, njengoko kulinganiswa nge-spirometry. Kolu vavanyo lokuphefumla olulula kusetyenziswa umatshini obizwa ngokuba yi-spirometer.

• Umthamo opheleleyo womoya onokuwuphefumlela ngaphandle ngendlela enye-ebizwa ngokuba ngumthamo obalulekileyo onyanzelekileyo (FVC)
• Ungakanani umoya onokuwuphefumla kwisibini sokuqala se-exhale ekhuni- ebizwa ngokuba ngumthamo onyanzelekileyo wokuphefumla ngomzuzwana omnye (FEV1).

Abantu abaneendlela zokuthintela i-airways bancitshisiwe i-FEV1 kubudala babo. A Ukuxilongwa kweCOPD iqinisekisiwe ukuba i-FEV1 / FVC yakho ingaphantsi kwama-70%. Ugqirha wakho uya kubala i-COPD yakho ukusuka kumanqanaba amane e-COPD, 1 ukuya ku-4 - Mild, Moderate, Severe and Severe Very - kuxhomekeke ekunciphiseni kwakho inqaku le-FEV1 spirometry kule minyaka yakho ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

IGOLIDE COPD iBanga loku-1 lokuthamba i-FEV1 ngama-80% okanye ngaphezulu
IGOLIDE COPD iBakala 2    I-FEV1 ephakathi iphakathi kwama-50% nama-79%
IGOLIDE COPD iBakala 3    I-FEV1 enzima iphakathi kwe-30% kunye ne-49%
IGOLIDE COPD iBakala 4    I-FEV1 enzima kakhulu ingaphantsi kwama-30%

Nangona la mabakala alinganisa indlela othintela ngayo umoya wakho, awancedi kangako xa kufikwa ekukhetheni olona nyango lulungileyo. Ekuqaleni oogqirha babeya kuthathela ingqalelo iziphumo zakho ze-FEV. Nangona kunjalo, ukufumana ukuqonda ngokubanzi imeko yakho, ngoku baya kuvavanya iimpawu zakho zangoku, amathuba okuba i-COPD yakho iye isiba mandundu, kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye iimeko zempilo onazo.

GOLD COPD amaqela A ukuya ku-D

Ugqirha wakho uya kuyicwangcisa i-COPD yakho kwelinye lala maqela mane ngokwezi mpawu unayo, ukuba zithambe kangakanani okanye zinzima kangakanani, kunye nomngcipheko wokuba ne-exacerbation (flare-up).

Ulinganiswa njani umngcipheko wokutsha?

Kulula kakhulu, usengozini yokuba ne-flare-up ukuba ubunayo kutshanje. Ke ukuba khange ubenayo i-flare-ups ye-COPD yakho kunyaka ophelileyo, umngcipheko wekamva lakho lokuphazamiseka uhlelwa njengophantsi. Ukuba ubukhe wanomdla omnye kunyaka ophelileyo kwaye bekungafuneki ukuba uye esibhedlele, oko kukubeka emngciphekweni ophantsi.

Ukuba uye waya esibhedlele ngenxa ye-COPD yakho kunyaka ophelileyo, usengozini enkulu yokuba nolunye ulusu. Ukugqabhuka kabini okanye nangaphezulu kunyaka ophelileyo kukwabeka kwinqanaba lomngcipheko omkhulu, nokuba ubungaphilanga ngokwaneleyo ukuba ungaya esibhedlele nangasiphi na isihlandlo.

Zivavanywa njani iimpawu zam?

Ngokwesiqhelo ugqirha wakho uyakukucela ukuba ugcwalise iphepha lemibuzo elifutshane malunga nokuba zeziphi iimpawu onazo kwaye zibuchaphazela njani ubomi bakho. Amaphepha emibuzo amabini aqhelekileyo asetyenziswayo ngala:

• Uvavanyo lweCOPD Uvavanyo (CAT) -kukucela ukuba ulinganise indlela iCOPD ebuchaphazela ngayo ubomi bakho ngokukhohlela, i-phlegm, imood, ukulala, ukuqina kwesifuba, ukungaphefumli, imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, amandla naxa uphumile. Amanqaku apheleleyo angama-40, amanqaku ama-5 okanye ngaphantsi aya kulindeleka kumntu ongatshayiyo osempilweni. Kwinkqubo yeGOLD inqaku le-CAT elingaphantsi kwe-10 libonisa 'iinkqubo ezingaphantsi' kunye nenqaku le-CAT le-10 okanye ngaphezulu libonisa 'iimpawu ezingaphezulu'.
• Isikali seMRC Dyspnea esilungisiweyo (mMRC) - lo ngumlinganiso olula wokuphefumla kwisikali esinamanqaku amane. Kwinkqubo yeGOLD inqaku le-mMRC le-0 ukuya kwi-1 libonisa 'iimpawu ezingaphantsi' kunye nenqaku le-mMRC le-2 okanye ngaphezulu libonisa 'iimpawu ezingaphezulu'.

Ugqirha wakho uya kudibanisa umngcipheko kunye neempawu zamanqaku ukumisela iqela lakho leCOPD, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

GOLD COPD Iqela A.	Umngcipheko ophantsi wokuhla, ukungabikho kweempawu
IGOLIDE COPD Iqela B	Umngcipheko ophantsi wokuqaqanjiswa, ngakumbi iimpawu
IGOLIDE COPD Iqela C	Umngcipheko ophezulu wokuqhuma, iimpawu ezingaphantsi
IGOLIDE COPD Iqela D	Umngcipheko ophezulu wokuqhuma, iimpawu ezingaphezulu

Liza kuthetha ntoni iBakala kunye neQela lam leCOPD kum?

IBakala lakho likuxelela ukuba leliphi inqanaba elifikelele kulo i-COPD yakho. Iqela lakho, kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye iingxaki zonyango, zichonga ukuba loluphi unyango kwaye Isicwangciso solawulo kukulungele. Ugqirha wakho unokuhlengahlengisa unyango lwakho ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela ophendula ngayo imeko yakho okanye ukuba iya isiba mbi.

Wonke umntu wahlukile kwaye iBakala neQela azidibani. Umzekelo umntu one-COPD enzima kodwa ezinzileyo kwaye engenangxaki kulo nyaka uphelileyo ebeya kuba neBanga lesi-4, iQela B le-COPD, ngelixa omnye umntu one-COPD eqatha odinga unyango esibhedlele kabini kunyaka ophelileyo ngenxa yemeko yakhe IBakala 4, Iqela D COPD. Ukuba kukho Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweBanga neQela Ugqirha wakho angenza ezinye iimvavanyo ezongeziweyo, ezinje ngemvavanyo yokusebenza kwemiphunga okanye ukuskena i-CT, okanye uphonononge ezinye iingxaki zonyango ekufuneka uqonde ukuba kuqhubeka ntoni ngeCOPD yakho.

Zithini iimpawu kwinqanaba ngalinye leCOPD?

Wonke umntu wahlukile kwaye iimpawu kunye neempawu zeCOPD zahluka kakhulu ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Nangona kunjalo amanqanaba e-COPD aqhubeka ngokubanzi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Inqanaba 1 (emnene) COPD: Kuqhelekile ukuba ungaboni zimpawu de ube uneminyaka engama-50, ngoko ke iCOPD yokuqala ingangabonakalisi mpawu kwaphela. Okanye unakho ukukhohlela okungapheliyo owomileyo okanye uvelise iphlegm encinci. Ukuphefumla okufutshane emva kokuzivocavoca luphawu oluqhelekileyo lwangoko, nangona kulula ukwenza impazamo ngenxa yokuba umile kancinci.

• Inqanaba 2 (eliphakathi) COPD: Unokufumana ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo kunye ne-phlegm (ihlala imbi kakhulu kusasa), ukunyuka kokuphefumla, ukudinwa, iingxaki zokulala, okanye ukuvutha. Phantse umntu omnye kwabahlanu une-exacerbation eziba mandundu iimpawu zabo kwaye zibangele umbala we-phlegm yabo ukuba utshintshe. Inokuqala ukuphembelela impilo yengqondo, ibangele imeko ephantsi kunye / okanye ukudideka.
• Inqanaba 3 (COPD eqatha): Iimpawu zokuqala ziya zisiba mbi kwaye unokuqaphela ukuba une-flare-ups ngakumbi kunangaphambili. Unokufumana ukuba unesifo esifubeni ngakumbi kunangaphambili, unemvakalelo yokuqina kwesifuba kunye nokujikeleza ngemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Abanye abantu banokubona ukudumba emaqatheni, kwiinyawo, nasemilenzeni.
• Isigaba 4 (esinzima kakhulu okanye isigaba sokugqibela seCOPD): Iimpawu ezivela kwinqanaba lesi-3 ziya zisiba mbi kwaye ziyaqina ngakumbi. Ukuphefumla nje kuba ngumzamo. I-flare-ups inokuba rhoqo kwaye ibe qatha. Ezinye iimpawu zinokubandakanya 'ukuqhekeka' xa uphefumla, isifuba somgqomo, i-delirium, ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga okanye okukhawulezayo, ukwehla kobunzima, okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi.

Ngaba ndingayeka okanye ndicothise i-COPD yam ekubeni mandundu?

Akukho lunyango lweCOPD kwaye inokusongela ubomi. Olunye uphononongo lubalwe ukuba i-COPD enzima kwaye inzima kakhulu inokunxulunyaniswa nokuncitshiswa kobude beminyaka emalunga nesibhozo.

Nangona kunjalo iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba, i-COPD yangaphambili ifunyenwe, kungekudala ungaqala impatho kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo okunciphisa inkqubela phambili. Nokuba kwinqanaba le-4, ngonyango olululo i-COPD ayifanelanga ukuba ibeke umda wokuba uhlala ixesha elingakanani. Kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza:

• Yeka ukutshaya kwaye uphephe ezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya
• Yenza umthambo ngokukhuselekileyo
• Zilumkele iimpawu ezilumkisa kwangoko zokuba uza kuthabatha inyathelo
• Thatha indima ebonakalayo nogqirha wakho kunyango lwakho kunye nokuphononongwa rhoqo
• Yitya usempilweni.

Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda wenze isicwangciso sokukunceda ujongane nazo naziphi na ezinye iimeko zonyango, kubandakanya ukudakumba noxinzelelo oluchaphazela abantu abane-COPD.

Imithombo:

UDon D. Isono. 2015. Ngaba i-COPD imele "isifo se-pulmonary se-comorbidity-related obstruction"? https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/46/4/901

Amanqanaba e-COPD kunye neCriteria yeGolide. 2019. https://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/gold-criteria-for-copd

Healthline 2018. FEV1 kunye neCOPD: Indlela yokuTolika iZiphumo zakho. https://www.healthline.com/health/fev1-copd#diagnosing-copd