Yintoni iCOPD?
Isifo semiphunga esingapheliyo (Cronic obstructive pulmonary disease) (COPD) ligama lonyango elisetyenziswa ukuchaza imeko yemiphunga ebangela ukuba iindlela zomoya zibe mxinwa kwaye zibe ngumqobo nto leyo eyenza ukuphefumla kube nzima.[1]
Xa igama liphulwe phantsi, unokubona ukuba inkcazo iyifumana njani intsingiselo yayo:
Isifo esinganyangekiyo: imeko yexesha elide kunye neqhubekayo engayi kuhamba
Isithintelo: indlela yomoya emiphungeni yakho inciphile kwaye iye yavaleka okanye ivalekile, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kubo ukukhupha umoya.
Pulmonary: imeko echaphazela imiphunga yakho
Izifo: imeko yonyango eyaziwayo
I-COPD inokuchazwa njengesifo seendlela zomoya (i-bronchitis engapheliyo) kunye / okanye isifo se-air sacs (emphysema).
- I-bronchitis engapheliyo Ufunyaniswa xa umntu eneempawu zokhohlokhohlo ixesha elide (iinyanga ezininzi okanye iminyaka) aze akhohlele iphlegm, ekwabizwa ngokuba sisikhohlela okanye umfinya. Idla ngokubangelwa kukutshaya, kodwa abantu abangazange batshaye nabo basebenza okanye bahlala kwindawo apho baphefumla uthuli, i-biomass fuels (umzekelo, iinkuni), imisi yeekhemikhali, okanye ukufudumeza kwasekhaya kunye nokupheka banokuba ne-bronchitis engapheliyo. Isifo se-reflux ye-gastroesophageal (esibizwa ngokuba yi-GERD) nayo inxulunyaniswa nolu kuxilongwa.
I-bronchitis engapheliyo yisiphumo sokucaphuka kunye nokudumba kweetyhubhu ze-bronchial (iindlela zomoya) - iityhubhu ezinoxanduva lokuthwala umoya ngemiphunga. Imibhobho iyadumba kwaye ivelise ukwakheka kwe-mucus ecaleni komgca. Izakhiwo ezincinci ezifana neenwele ezikwimibhobho ebizwa ngokuba yicilia ngokuqhelekileyo zinceda ukukhupha umfinya kwimibhobho yomoya, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha azisebenzi kakuhle. Oku kubangela ukwakheka kweeplagi ze-mucus ekunzima ukukhohlela kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zenza kube nzima ukungena nokuphuma umoya emiphungeni. Abantu abane-bronchitis engapheliyo banokuba neempawu zesifuba okanye iintlungu zesisu.
- I-Emphysema ufunyaniswa kuphela ngovavanyo lokucinga lwemiphunga (njenge-CT scan) ebonisa umonakalo kwiindonga zeengxowa zomoya ezincinci kwimiphunga ekupheleni kwemibhobho ye-bronchial - ebizwa ngokuba yi-alveoli - lo monakalo wenza ukuba zandiswe. I-alveoli idla ngokudlala indima ephambili ekudluliseleni ioksijini egazini lakho kunye nokuhluza ikharbon diokside ibuyele ngaphandle. I-Emphysema ikhula ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye ayinguye wonke umntu one-emphysema yokuqala oneempawu, kodwa ukuba ne-emphysema kunokukwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla ngenxa yokuba iingxowa zomoya ezandisiweyo zibamba umoya emiphungeni. Ukuvalelwa komoya kufunyaniswa kusetyenziswa iimvavanyo zokusebenza kwemiphunga.
Malunga ne-380 yezigidi zabantu kwihlabathi jikelele bachatshazelwa yiCOPD. Ngunobangela wesithathu ophambili wokufa emva kwesifo sentliziyo kunye nestroke.[2]
Ukuba unesifo esingapheliyo semiphunga, kuba nzima ukuphefumla. I-COPD iqhubela phambili, oko kuthetha ukuba umonakalo kwimiphunga yakho awukwazi ukuguqulwa kwaye unokuqhubela phambili. Unyango, amayeza, kunye nohlengahlengiso lwendlela yokuphila kunokukunceda ukuba ufunde ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo, ukulawula iimpawu zakho, kwaye kunokucothisa ukuqhubeka kweCOPD.
Izixhobo eziNcedo
- Izikhokelo zokuXhobisa ngomonde
- UkuXhotyiswa kweSigulana Ubungqina bezeNzululwazi
- Thetha-up ngeCOPD
- Umbefu + nemiphunga e-UK
- Isiseko seCOPD
- I-European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Associations (EFA)
- Iqela laMazwe ngaMazwe loNyango oluPhambili lokuphefumla (IPCRG)
- Longfonds
Ucaphulo
1. IGOLIDE. Isicwangciso-qhinga sehlabathi soThintelo, uFundo kunye noLawulo lweCOPD: Ingxelo ye-2024. Iphepha lewebhu leGOLIDE. Ipapashwe ngoNovemba 2023. Ifikeleleke ngoNovemba 28, 2023. https://goldcopd.org/2024-gold-report/
2. Aeloye D, Ingoma P, Zhu Y, et al. Ukuxhaphaka kwehlabathi, ingingqi kunye nelizwe jikelele, kunye nemingcipheko yesifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD) ngo-2019: uphononongo olucwangcisiweyo kunye nohlalutyo lwemodeli. I-Lancet Respir Med. 2022;10(5):447-458. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00511-7
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5. Syamlal G, Kurth LM, Dodd KE, Blackley DJ, Hall NB, Mazurek JM. Ukubhubha kweSifo esiKhuselekileyo sePulmonary yiShishini kunye nomsebenzi-eUnited States, ngo-2020. UMMWR Morb u-Wkly Rep 2022; 71:1550–1554 . DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7149a3.
6. I-NHS. Iimbangela zeZifo zeMiphunga eziNgapheliyo (COPD). Iwebhusayithi ye-NHS. Ihlaziywe nge-11 ka-Epreli 2023. Ifikeleleke ngoNovemba 8, 2023. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd/causes/
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8. Brantly M, Campos M, Davis AM, et al. Ukufunyanwa kokusilela kwe-alpha-1 antitrypsin: ixesha elidlulileyo, langoku kunye nekamva. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2020;15(1):96. Published 2020 Apr 19. doi:10.1186/s13023-020-01352-5
9. Isiseko se-Alpha-1. Yintoni uAlpha-1? Iwebhusayithi ye-Alpha-1 Foundation. Ifikeleleke nge-8 kaNovemba ka-2023. https://alpha1.org/what-is-alpha1/
10. I-Stockley JA, i-Stockley RA, i-Sapey E. Akukho mzila okhawulezayo wokuchonga ukwehla ngokukhawuleza kwi-Alpha-1 ye-antitrypsin ukusilela nge-spirometry: isifundo sobude bemilinganiselo ephindaphindiweyo. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2021;16:835–840. doi:10.2147/COPD.S298585
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13. IGOLIDE. Isicwangciso-qhinga sehlabathi soThintelo, uFundo kunye noLawulo lweCOPD: Ingxelo ye-2024. Iphepha lewebhu leGOLIDE. Ipapashwe ngoNovemba 2023. Ifikeleleke ngoNovemba 28, 2023. https://goldcopd.org/2024-gold-report/
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Eli phepha liye lajongwa ngu I-GAAPP yeengcali zeklinikhi nezenzululwazi ngoJanuwari 2024