Ukuba unesifuba esibangela umthambo iindlela zakho zomoya ziyacaphuka kwaye zibe mxinwa ngexesha okanye kanye emva kokuzilolonga, ukuze kube nzima ukuphefumla. Kwezi ntsuku oogqirha badla ngokuyibiza ngokuba 'yi-bronchoconstriction eyenziwa yi-exercise-induced bronchoconstriction' (EIB) kuba xa sithetha ngokungqongqo yimeko eyahlukileyo kwi-asthma, nangona iimpawu zifana kakhulu.

Kucingelwa oko I-5-20% yabantu bane-EIB. Ichaphazela abantwana kunye nabantu abadala kuwo onke amanqanaba ezemidlalo. Phantse abantu abalithoba kwabali-10 abane-EIB banesifuba. Kunzima ukwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba bangaphi abantu abane-EIB ngaphandle kwesifuba ngenxa yokuba iimpawu azibonakali. Umzobo uphinda udideke yinto yokuba umthambo uyinto ebangela ukuba abanye abantu abane-asthma.

Okulusizi kukuba, abantwana abane-EIB banokuba nomgangatho wobomi obuncitshisiweyo kunye nokuba sempilweni ngokweemvakalelo.

Isifo sombefu esibangelwa kukuzilolonga sibangela kwaye kubangele

Unobangela we-bronchoconstriction obangelwa kukuzilolonga ngumoya owomileyo ophefumlelweyo ngexesha lokuzilolonga. Xa uphefumla umoya owomileyo kunomoya osele usemzimbeni wakho, iindlela zakho zomoya ziye ziphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunciphiseni izihlunu kunye nakwimifinya egqithisileyo.

Ukuzivocavoca i-asthma okubangela ukuzivocavoca kubandakanya:

  • Ubushushu bomoya obuphantsi (nangona inokuba nje kukuba umoya obandayo uyoma ngaphezu komoya ofudumeleyo).
  • Irritants (i-allergen) emoyeni, njengongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, umungu okanye, kwiiholo zezemidlalo zangaphakathi nakwiindawo zokuzilolonga, iziqholo, izicoci, iikhemikhali, ipeyinti, izixhobo ezitsha okanye ikhaphethi.
  • Usulelo lokuphefumula kwintsholongwane.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zesifo sombefu

Iimpawu ze-asthma zokuzivocavoca umzimba ziyafana nezo zesifuba kwaye zibandakanya:

  • Ukugubha
  • Imvakalelo yokuqina esifubeni sakho
  • Ukuhlahlela
  • Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
  • Ukuvelisa i-mucus egqithisileyo
  • Ukuziva ungafanelekanga nangona uyazi ukuba ukwimo entle yomzimba
  • Intlungu yesifuba, nangona oku kunqabile.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zihlala zivela ngaphakathi imizuzu emibini ukuya kwemihlanu Ukuzilolonga, ukufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu malunga nemizuzu eli-10. Kwisithuba nje seyure iimpawu zihlala zinyamalele.

Imiba yengozi

Kungenzeka ukuba ube ne-EIB ukuba:

  • Unesifuba somzimba esilawulwa kakubi
  • Yiba Isifo sombefu
  • Yiba nesizalwane esisondeleyo nesifuba okanye isifuba
  • Unobungozi obunjenge-hay fever
  • Ngaba yimidlalo ephezulu okanye yokunyamezela. Ukuya kuthi ga kwesixhenxe kwabali-10 abakhethiweyo okanye abantu bezemidlalo beOlimpiki baqikelelwa ukuba ne-EIB, kuxhomekeke kwimidlalo yabo
  • Ngaba ungumntwana, ngakumbi ukuba uhlala edolophini okanye esixekweni.

Ungasijonga njani isifo sombefu esenziwe kukuzilolonga?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba unokusebenzisa i-asthma, kufuneka wenze idinga lokubonana nogqirha wakho. Ugqirha wakho uya kukubuza malunga neempawu zakho kwaye xa zisenzeka kwaye unokusebenzisa uvavanyo lokuzilolonga ukuze ufumane ubungqina be-bronchoconstriction. La manyathelo otshintsho kwimiphunga yakho emva kokuzivocavoca, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

  • Uvavanyo lwemiphunga: usebenzisa i-spirometry ukulinganisa ukusebenza kwemiphunga yakho ngaphambi nangemizuzu emihlanu, elishumi, eli-10 kunye nelingama-15 emva kokuzivocavoca.
  • Uvavanyo lomngeni wokuzivocavoca: Ukubeka esweni ukuhamba kwakho ngaphambi nasemva kokuzilolonga kwesiqhelo- unokucelwa ukuba uzenzele ngokwakho kwiiveki ezimbalwa ekhaya.
  • Olunye uvavanyo lomceli mngeni: Unokucelwa ukuba wenze umthambo ngamandla phantsi kweliso kwangaxeshanye ucelomngeni kwimiphunga yakho ngokuphefumla umoya owomileyo ngefemask, ngokuphefumla i-methacholine okanye nge-hyperventilating. Oku kubizwa Uvavanyo lwe-bronchoprovocation. I-Spirometry iya kusetyenziswa ukulinganisa ukusebenza kwemiphunga ngaphambi nasemva.

Ukuba ezi mvavanyo ziqinisekisa ukungqinelana kwe-bronchoconstriction, ugqirha wakho kuya kufuneka enze isigqibo sokuba unayo:

  • Isifuba somzimba esilawulwa kakubi esibangelwa kukuzilolonga
  • i-asthma elawulwa kakuhle kunye ne-bronchoconstriction eyenziweyo
  • ukuzilolonga okubangelwa kukuzivocavoca umzimba.

Kukho ukugqabhuka kunye nokungaziqondi kakuhle kule ndawo. Indlela ophendula ngayo kunyango iya kukunika imikhondo kuvavanyo.

Funda kabanzi sifunyaniswa njani isifuba.

Ukuzivocavoca i-asthma okanye ukuphuma kwimo?

Iimpawu ezifanayo nezo zesifo sombefu esibangelwa kukuzilolonga zinokubangelwa kukuzilolonga xa uphumile. Ugqirha wakho uyakukuthathela ingqalelo oku ngexesha lokuqeshwa kwakho kokuqala kwaye unokuqhuba okanye acele ezinye iimvavanyo ukukhupha oku. Ezinye iimeko ezineempawu ezifanayo ezinokuthi ziqwalaselwe ngugqirha wakho zibandakanya ukusebenzisa kakhulu, iingxaki zentambo, iingxaki zokuphefumla, ukukhwehlela okuqhelekileyo kunye neengxaki zentliziyo.

Ukuba unesandi esikhulu xa uphefumla (ungaphumi), unokuba noqhushululu lomthambo (i-EILO). I-EILO ixhaphakile kulutsha kwaye Ba mbaleki. Ngokungafaniyo nokuzivocavoca i-bronchoconstriction kunye ne-asthma, i-EILO ayiphenduli kumayeza esifuba.

Ngaba ndiyeke ukwenza umthambo?

Akufanele uyeke ukwenza umthambo ukuba une-bronchoconstriction eyenziweyo. Ukuzilolonga rhoqo kubalulekile kwindlela yokuphila esempilweni kwaye kunezibonelelo ezininzi, ngakumbi ukuba une-asthma. Buza ugqirha wakho ngengcebiso malunga nendlela yokuzilolonga kunye nokulawula iimpawu zakho.

Ukuzivocavoca abantu abane-asthma

Olunye uqeqesho kunye nemidlalo kulunge kuwe kunabanye ukuba une-bronchoconstriction okanye i-asthma ebangelwa kukuzilolonga. Imisebenzi efuna ukuqhuma okufutshane kwamandla ayinakufane ibangele iimpawu, ezinje:

  • Ukunyuka intaba nokuhamba
  • Golf
  • Ukuzonwabisa ngebhayisikile
  • Iqakamba okanye ibaseball.

Kungcono ukunqanda ezemidlalo ezifuna ukuzingisa okuqhubekayo, ezinje:

  • Ubaleko
  • Ibhola ekhatywayo / ibhola ekhatywayo
  • yomnyazi
  • Umnyazi

Imidlalo yasebusika inokuba ngumceli mngeni ngakumbi kwaye ibangele iimpawu ngenxa yokubanda, umoya owomileyo ngelo xesha lonyaka - ukushibilika eqhweni, ukukhwela ikhephu, ukutyibilika emkhenkceni, ihoki yomkhenkce njl

Ukubhukuda kunokuba kuhle kuba indawo efudumeleyo, enomswakama yendawo yokuhlala ayicaphukisi indlela yomoya. Nangona kunjalo ungayifumana loo nto iklorin okanye ezinye izongezo zamanzi zinokubangela iimpawu zakho ke zama amachibi ahlukeneyo ukuba oko kuyakuchaphazela.

Ugqirha okanye umongikazi wakho angakucebisa ngeendlela zokulawula iimpawu zakho xa usenza umthambo. Oku kunokubandakanya ukusebenzisa umthambo wokuphefumla okanye ukuthintela umthambo kwiindawo ezithile zemozulu.

impatho

Ukuba unesifo se-asthma esenziwe nzima ngokuzivocavoca, ugqirha wakho okanye umongikazi we-asthma uya kujonga ukuba uthatha i-asthma yakho yeyeza lokuthintela ixesha elide kunye neendlela ezichanekileyo ze-inhaler. Ukulawula i-asthma yakho ngokupheleleyo ukuze ilawulwe kakuhle ibe yiyo yonke into eyimfuneko ukuthintela iingxaki xa usenza umthambo.

Ukuba usafumana iimpawu xa usenza imithambo uya kumiselwa iyeza lokunciphisa iyeza elifutshane ngaphambi kokuba uzilolonge.

Ukuba usebenzisa i-bronchoconstriction (EIB) ngaphandle kwesifuba-oko kukuthi, awunazo iimpawu zesifuba nangaliphi na elinye ixesha-iyeza lokuqala lokukhetha li-inhaler elifutshane lokulisebenzisa ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukusebenzisa. Kusenokungafuneki ukuba ube nesithintelo semihla ngemihla.

Olu nyango lwexesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide lubonakalisiwe ukukhusela ngokufanelekileyo kwisifo se-asthma okanye i-EIB.

Amayeza exesha elifutshane

  • Ukungenisa i-beta-2-agoists (SABA) engapheliyo (SABA) zii-bronchodilators ezisebenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye zigcina iimpawu zibekho iiyure ezimbini ukuya kwezine. Thatha imizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-30 phambi kokuba wenze imithambo kwaye njengoko kufuneka.
  • Ngenye indlela indibaniselwano ye-beta-2-agoistist (LABA) ende kunye ne-corticosteroid inokufakwa ngaphakathi kwimizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-60 ngaphambi kokuba wenze umthambo. Oku kufanele kuthintele iimpawu ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezili-12. Ungayithatha kube kanye kuphela iiyure ezili-12.

Amayeza exesha elide

  • I-inhalled corticosteroids (anti-inflammatories) -isetyenziswa yonke imihla ukunciphisa ukudumba kunye novakalelo kwiindlela zomoya, ukuthintela iimpawu ze-EIB.
  • I-leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) inokuthathwa ngendlela yethebhulethi yemihla ngemihla ukuthintela iimpawu ezihamba nokuzilolonga.
  • ITheophyllines-isithintelo sethebhulethi semihla ngemihla.
  • Isodium cromoglycate okanye nedocromil sodium - isithintelo sethebhulethi yemihla ngemihla.

Iingcebiso zokulawula kunye nokugcina isifuba phantsi kolawulo

Unokunciphisa okanye uthintele iimpawu zesifo se-asthma kuwe okanye kumntwana wakho ngokulandela le ngcebiso ingezantsi:

  • Zifudumeze ngobunono malunga nemizuzu eli-15 ngaphambi kokuba uqale umthambo onamandla kwaye uhlale upholile emva
  • Kwimozulu ebandayo, vala impumlo nomlomo ngesikhafu okanye ngobuso ukukhusela imiphunga yakho emoyeni obandayo
  • Phefumla ngeempumlo zakho ukufudumeza nokunyakamisa umoya obandayo ngaphambi kokuba ubethe imiphunga
  • Ukuba une-asthma engaphantsi kwayo yigcine ilawulwa kakuhle ngawo onke amaxesha kwaye uqinisekise ukuba unesicwangciso sokusebenza se-asthma esisesikhathini
  • Gwema izinto ezibangela ukuba wena okanye ugqirha wakho uzibone - ungadinga ukutshintsha umdlalo wakho okanye apho uzilolonga khona
  • Gcina irekhodi lokusebenzisa kaninzi i-SABA inhaler yakho kwaye uyiqwalasele oku nogqirha wakho okanye umongikazi wesifuba rhoqo (ubuncinci kube kanye ngonyaka)
  • Ukuba umntwana wakho une-EIB, xelela ootitshala be-PE kunye nabakhathaleli ngokubaluleka kokuzifudumeza, imiqondiso ye-EIB kunye nokuba umntwana wakho kufuneka ayisebenzise njani inhaler yabo

Abanye abantu bakwacebisa ukuthatha ivithamin C kunye novithamini E izongezo zokutya. Nangona kunjalo abukho ubungqina oboneleyo bokuba ezi zinto zinazo naziphi na iziphumo ezincedo kwisifuba okanye kwi-bronchoconstriction ebangelwa kukuzilolonga.