Isifo sombeva sobuntwana: oonobangela, iimpawu, unyango kunye nolawulo

Isifo sombefu sesona sifo sixhaphakileyo semiphunga ebantwaneni. I-asthma yobuntwana yimeko yexesha elide ebangela ukuba ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lendlela yomoya ludumbe kwaye ludumbe kwaye luvelise i-mucus egqithisileyo. Ikwenza ukuba izihlunu ezijikeleze umoya ziqiniswe. Xa ezi zinto zisenzeka iindlela zethu zomoya ziye zinciphe (ekuthiwa yi-bronchoconstriction) kwaye sikufumanisa kunzima ngakumbi ukuphefumla umoya nokuphuma kwimiphunga yethu.

Isifo sombefu sobuntwana sichaphazela malunga nomntwana omnye kwabali-11 base-UK- oku kufikelela kwinqanaba 1.1 yezigidi zabantwana uhlala nemeko. Kwi I-USA malunga nezigidi ezi-6.1 zabantwana Unesifuba.

Abantu bayo nayiphi na iminyaka banokuba nesifo sombefu. Nangona kunjalo iimpawu zihlala zibonakala okokuqala ebuntwaneni kwaye zihlala ziphambi komntwana umhla wesihlanu wokuzalwa.

Kungenzeka ukuba iimpawu zesifuba somntwana wakho ziya kuphucula njengoko zikhula. Malunga babini kwabantwana abathathu bafumanise ukuba iimpawu zabo ziyanyamalala xa befikisa.

Isifo sombeva sobuntwana sibangela kwaye sibangele

Asazi kakuhle ukuba yintoni ebangela isifuba kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba yindibaniselwano yokusingqongileyo kunye izinto zofuzo. Abantwana banamathuba okuphuhlisa i-asthma ukuba:

  • Yiba ne-eczema okanye i-allergies
  • Unesihlobo esisondeleyo esinomdlavuza okanye isifo
  • Bavezwa ngumsi wecuba (okanye ukuba umama wabo wayevezwe ngumsi wecuba xa wayekhulelwe)
  • Ziyabhencwa kwezinye izinto ezingcolisa indalo
  • Hlala kwindawo ehluthwayo, enengeniso ephantsi - oku kusenokubangelwa kukufuma, izindlu ezibunjiweyo kunye nongcoliseko
  • Bahlupheka ngosuleleko lwentsholongwane yokuphefumla- ubuncinci isiqingatha sabantwana abafuna ukuya esibhedlele ngesifo sokuphefumla se-syncytial virus (RSV) kamva baphuhlise isifuba
  • Unobunzima obuphantsi ekuzalweni.

Ezinye izinto ezibangela ukuba iimpawu ze-asthma ziba nzima (zivuleke), ngesiqhelo:

  • Izifo zokuphefumula - zihlala zintsholongwane
  • Izinto ezaliwa ngumzimba - umzekelo, ukwenza uthuli lwendlu, ipoleni (okt ifiva), ukutya, amaphela, ukungunda, ukungunda, izilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya Isifo sombefu esibangelwa kukungabikho komzimba
  • Umsi wecuba
  • Ungcoliseko-njengomphunga wemoto kunye nezinye izinto ezikruqulayo emoyeni
  • Imozulu egqithisileyo - kushushu, kuyabanda, kufumile okanye kuyaduduma
  • Lolonga
  • Uxinzelelo kunye neemvakalelo ezinamandla ezinje ngokuziva ukhathazekile okanye ukonwaba kakhulu.

Izinto ezibangela ubuqu ziyenye kwaye inye okanye uninzi lwezi zinto zibangela ukuba iimpawu zomntwana wakho zivele.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zesifuba kubantwana

Iimpawu ze-Asthma yoBuntwana zibandakanya:

  • Ukukhohlela - ngakumbi ukuba ukhohlokhohlo luyaqhubeka okanye lubuyela umva
  • Ukubetha ngomsindo - esi sisandi sokubetha impempe xa bephefumla
  • Ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo
  • Ukuqina kwesifuba.

Umntwana wakho ngekhe abe neempawu ngalo lonke ixesha- kuxhomekeka ekubeni ulawulwe kakuhle kangakanani na sisifo sombefu, nokuba ngaba zivelisiwe nakweyiphi na into ebangela. Iimpawu zabo zinokuba mandundu ebusuku (ngamanye amaxesha kubizwa ngokuba Isifuba sasebusuku) okanye into yokuqala ekuseni xa bevuka, okanye emva kokuzivocavoca okanye amandla.

Ukuqonda iimpawu zesifuba kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5

Ukukhohlela kunye nokuvutha mhlawumbi zezona mpawu zilula ukuzibona kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu. Ukuba usana lwakho okanye umntwana ophefumlayo uphefumla ngokukhawuleza bangaphefumla ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo okanye basebenzise imizimba yabo ukuphefumla (umzekelo, ukuphakamisa amagxa abo phezulu nasezantsi ngokuphefumla ngakunye).

Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu abayi kuchaza indlela abavakalelwa ngayo ngendlela efanayo nomntwana omdala okanye umntu omdala. Umzekelo, endaweni yokuba bathi isifuba sabo siziva siqinile basenokuthi banesisu okanye ungabona ukuba bayasiphulula isisu okanye isifuba.

Ungayifumana njani i-asthma emntwaneni

Ukuba unenkxalabo yokuba umntwana wakho unokuba nesifuba, kufuneka ubathathe baye kugqirha, oya kuthi:

  • Buza malunga nembali yabo yezonyango- naziphi na iimpawu kunye nezinto ezinokubangela ukuba uziqaphele kutsha nje, kwaye zenzekile
  • Buza ukuba umntwana wakho okanye nawaphi na amalungu osapho ane-eczema okanye i-aleji
  • Yenza uvavanyo lomzimba- ngakumbi baya kuphulaphula isifuba somntwana wakho nakuphi na ukubetha. Akukho vili ayithethi ukuba umntwana wakho akanayo i-asthma, nangona kunjalo.

Ukuba umntwana wakho ungaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 unokufumanisa ukuba unesifo sombefu esikrokrelwayo kwisiseko sovavanyo olunye olulula. Ukuqiniseka ukuba sisifo sesifuba, nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka ulinde de babe badala ngokwaneleyo ukuba benze iimvavanyo zokuphefumla ezilungelelanisiweyo.

Abantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-16 kufuneka bacelwe ngugqirha ukuba benze uvavanyo olunye okanye nangaphezulu:

  • I-Spirometry-umntwana wakho uceliwe ukuba avuthele umlomo ngokukhawuleza kwaye ixesha elide kangangoko anakho ukulinganisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemiphunga.
  • Ukuguqulwa kweBronchodilator (BDR) -ukuba uvavanyo lokuqala lwe-spirometry lubonisa ukuba umntwana wakho akaphefumli kakuhle, ugqirha wakho okanye umongikazi wesifuba uya kubanika idosi enye yonyango lwe-bronchodilator. Iimvavanyo ezimbini ze-spirometry-enye ngaphambili kunye neyodwa emva konyango-ziya kulinganisa naluphi na uphuculo. Uvavanyo oluqinisekileyo lwe-BDR luqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwesifuba.
  • I-nitric oxide ekhutshiweyo eqhekezayo (i-FeNO) -imilinganiselo yenqanaba lokudumba kwindlela yomoya womntwana wakho.
  • Ukujonga okuphezulu kokuphuma kokuphuma (PEF) - umntwana wakho uvuthela ityhubhu encinci ukulinganisa ukuba bangaphefumla ngokukhawuleza kangakanani na. Ukuba i-PEF itshintsha kakhulu imihla ngemihla enokubonisa ukuxilongwa kwesifo sombefu.

Ungakhathazeki ukuba umntwana wakho omncinci akanalo ulungelelwaniso lokuphefumla ngesandla lokwenza ezi mvavanyo-banokuzama kwakhona rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezili-12.

Unyango lwesifo sombeva

Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zeyeza ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifuba ebantwaneni:

  • Ukuhlaziya okanye ukuhlangula (i-bronchodilator) inhaler -zisebenzise ngamanye amaxesha ukunciphisa iimpawu zomntwana wakho xa zisenzeka. Benza ngokukhawuleza ngaphakathi kwemizuzu emi-3. I-Reliever inhalers zihlala ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
  • Isithinteli (anti-inflammatory) inhaler - sisebenzise yonke lemihla ukukhusela umntwana wakho ukuba abe neempawu.

I-inhalers ihambisa amayeza njengesitshizi okanye umgubo ngqo apho ifuneka khona-iindlela zomoya. Uninzi lwabantwana banesifuba esilawulwa kakuhle ukuba basebenzisa ii-inhaler (s) zabo ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuqhagamshela i-spacer okanye isixhobo se-nebuliser kwi-inhaler kunokwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa-ngakumbi kwiintsana nakubantwana abancinci.

Kuxhomekeka ekubeni badala kangakanani, abantwana abane-asthma ekunzima ukuyilawula banokufuna ukuthatha ithebhulethi yemihla ngemihla okanye ukutshintshela kwi-inhaler eyahlukileyo.

Olunye unyango olongezelelekileyo kunyango lwabantwana abane-asthma ebandayo kubandakanya i-theophylline (egudileyo yemisipha ephungulayo) kunye neepilisi ze-steroid.

Unyango lwesifuba somntwana phantsi kwe-5

Unyango lomntwana okanye usana olunesifuba esikrokrisayo lumiselwe ngokwamanqanaba:

  • Ukuba iimpawu zincinci kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho unokuthatha indlela 'yokulinda kwaye alinde' ukubona ukuba kukho iphethini yeempawu zabo. Umzekelo, ngaba avele kuphela emva kwengqele emva koko ahambe?
  • Yongeza i-reliever inhaler ukuyisebenzisa xa iimpawu zisenzeka.
  • Ukuba iimpawu ziyaqhubeka, misela uvavanyo lwento yokuthintela inhaler yemihla ngemihla uyeke. Ukuba iimpawu zomntwana wakho zibuya ngaphakathi kweeveki ezine, kunokwenzeka ukuba banesifuba. Kule canse, baya kucelwa ukuba baqale ukuthatha isikhuseli semihla ngemihla kwakhona kwaye basebenzise i-reliever inhaler njengoko kufuneka.
  • Yongeza i-leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) ithebhulethi (okanye isiraphu) yothintelo olongezelelekileyo xa kufuneka njalo
  • Ukuba iimpawu zibukhali okanye ziyaqhubeka emva kokuba kuthathwe onke la manyathelo angentla, ziya kuthunyelwa kwingcali.

Unyango lwesifo sombefu kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-16 ubudala

Ukuba isifo sesifuba sifunyaniswe ngokuqinisekileyo ngugqirha emva kokuba umntwana wakho enze iimvavanyo zokuphefumla ezifanelekileyo, unyango luya kumiselwa kula manyathelo alandelayo:

  • I-inhaler yokukhulula
  • Yongeza inhaler yothintelo yemihla ngemihla
  • Yongeza i-LTRA ye-tablet yothintelo yemihla ngemihla xa kufuneka njalo
  • Ukuba iimpawu ziyaqhubeka, yeka i-LTRA kwaye utshintshe kwi-inhaler yesithintelo esisebenza ixesha elide
  • Ukuba iimpawu ziyaqhubeka, tshintshela kwindibaniselwano inhaler (zombini isithinteli kunye nesiqabu)
  • Cinga ngovavanyo lwe-theophylline njengothintelo lwemihla ngemihla
  • Jonga ingcali ukuba kukho imfuneko.

Iingcebiso zokulawula kunye nokugcina isifuba phantsi kolawulo

  • Sebenzisa kwaye ulandele isiCwangciso seNtsebenzo somntwana wakho (PAP), ngamanye amaxesha esibizwa ngokuba sisiCwangciso soLawulo lweMbefu. Yabelana ngayo nootitshala, abanakekeli kunye namalungu osapho asondeleyo.
  • Misela inkqubo yesiqhelo yemihla ngemihla yokuthatha amayeza okuthintela - oko kuya kukunceda wena nomntwana wakho ukuba nikhumbule.
  • Qinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho unakho ukufikelela kwi-inhaler yakhe yokunciphisa i-inhaler ngamaxesha onke kwaye uyazi apho ikhoyo.
  • Thatha umntwana wakho ayokuphononongwa kunye nogqirha wakhe okanye umongikazi wesifuba ubuncinci kube kanye ngonyaka.
  • Rhoqo ujonge ubuchwephesha be-inhaler (kunye ne-spacer) yomntwana wakho ukuba ichanekile. Jonga umongikazi wakho wesifuba okanye ugqirha ukuze akukhumbuze ukuba awuqinisekanga.
  • Jonga iimpawu zomntwana wakho, gcina iimpawu / idayari yokunciphisa.
  • Rekhoda imilinganiselo yokuhamba okuphezulu rhoqo ekhaya, ukuba kukho imfuneko.
  • Yazi ukuba yintoni ebangela iimpawu zomntwana wakho kwaye uziphephe
  • Ukuba wena okanye umntu wasekhaya uyatshaya, yeka.
  • Khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba azilolonge, atye ukutya okusempilweni kwaye alale ngokwaneleyo.
  • Yazi ukuba wenzeni ukuba iimpawu ziba mandundu kwaye, ukuba ziyenzeka, yenza kwangoko.
  • Xa sele bebadala ngokwaneleyo, fundisa umntwana wakho malunga nesifuba ukuze baqonde indlela yokulawula iimpawu zabo.
  • Yiya kugqirha okanye unesi wakho ukuba umntwana wakho ufuna ukusebenzisa isiqabu sakhe ngaphezulu kwamaxesha amathathu ngeveki.

Ulwazi nenkxaso

Uya kufumana ubutyebi bolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokwaliwa komzimba kunye nesifuba kwiwebhusayithi yethu, kwaye siyathemba ukuba uyakuyihlola. Apha ngezantsi kukho amanqaku athile akutshanje. Unako kwakhona nxibelelana nathi -Singathanda ukuva kuwe!

  • Iphepha elibhalwe ngokudibeneyo nguMongameli we-GAAPP, uTonya Winders, yapapashwa ngoJuni 2020 JACI kwaye icacisa iimfuno ezingafezekiswanga zamanye amazwe kwi-asthma yabantwana. Funda iphepha Apha.
  • “Itshata Yomhlaba Wonke Yabo Bonke Abantwana Abanesifo Sombefu” inokufumaneka Apha.
  • "Isifuba: Ukusebenza kunye nesikhokelo seQela lakho loKhathalelo lwezeMpilo" sinokufumaneka Apha.
Abantwana abanesifo sombefu-itshatha yehlabathi jikelele