Iindidi komzimba
I-Allergies ihlelwa kwi-IgE edibeneyo kunye neyoyiyo ye-IgE.
I-IgE ilungelelanisa ukungabikho komzimba
Kwi-IgE yokulwa nokungahambelani komzimba amajoni omzimba avelisa izixa ezikhulu zodidi lwamajoni omzimba abizwa ngokuba zii-antibodies ze-IgE, ezizezinye ze-allergen ethile ekhubekisayo. Ezi zintsholongwane ze-IgE zibophelela kumphezulu weeseli emzimbeni obizwa ngokuba zii "cell mast" ezithi zenziwe luvo lwe-IgE. Ezi seli zinokuthi zichonge i-allergen ethile ngexesha elizayo xa zidibana nomzimba. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba luvo, kwaye kweli nqanaba akukho komzimba Iimpawu komzimba.
Iiseli ezincinci zikhona kulusu, amehlo, impumlo, umlomo, umqala, isisu kunye namathumbu. Ngexesha elizayo xa sidibana ne-allergen efanayo iiseli zemasti ziyichonga njengotshaba kwaye zivelise i-histamine kunye nezinye iikhemikhali. Ukukhutshwa kwezi zinto kwiiseli zemasti kubangela ukungabikho komzimba. Kwimpumlo ukukhutshwa kwembali ye-histamine kwiimpawu zempumlo egudileyo, impumlo erhawuzelayo, ukuthimla okunxulunyaniswa namehlo abomvu alumkileyo.
Kwiimpawu zolusu kubandakanya ubomvu kunye nerhashalala. Kwimibhobho yokuphefumla i-aleji ibangela ukuvuthwa, ukukhohlela kunye nokuphelelwa ngumoya, ngelixa kwiimpawu zesisu ezinje ngokuqaqanjelwa sisisu, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha kunye norhudo. Iziphumo ezinzima zokungabikho komzimba ziyaziwa nangokuthi anaphylaxis, kwaye isongela ubomi.
Izinto ezingezizo ze-IgE eziphakathi
Ukungaphenduli okungahambelani ne-IgE, okungachazwanga kakuhle kokubini ngokwezonyango nakwinzululwazi, kukholelwa ukuba yi-T-cell-mediated. Oomatshini banxulunyaniswa nokuphazamiseka okunjenge-eczema yokunxibelelana (i-allergic contact dermatitis). Ngelixa iimpawu ze-IgE i-allergies e-mediated allergies zenzeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye kwakamsinya emva kokubhencwa kwi-allergen, oku akunakuba njalo kwizigulo ezingezizo ze-IgE apho iimpawu zinokubonakala kamva kakhulu, zihlala zingama-24-48 h.
Impendulo ebukhali: le yinto esihlala siyibiza ngokuba yi-allergies. Ukuphendula kwangoko kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-15 ukuya kwi-30 yemizuzu yokuvezwa kwe-allergen. Ngexesha lesigaba sokuqala sempendulo yabalamli bemichiza ekhutshwe ziiseli zemasti kubandakanya i-histamine, i-prostaglandins, i-leukotrienes kunye ne-thromboxane zivelisa iimpendulo zethishu yendawo ezinobungqangi bokungalungelani. Kwiphepha lokuphefumla umzekelo, oku kubandakanya ukuthimla, i-edema kunye nokufihla i-mucus, kunye ne-vasodilatation empumlweni, ekhokelela ekuvaleni kwempumlo, kunye ne-bronchoconstriction emiphungeni, ekhokelela ekuvuthweni.
Impendulo yamanqanaba okugqibela: Kwenzeka iiyure ezingama-4-6 emva kokunyamalala kweempawu zesigaba sokuqala kwaye kunokuhlala iintsuku okanye iiveki. Ngexesha lokuphendula kwesigaba emva kwexesha emiphungeni, ukungena kweselula, ukubekwa kwe-fibrin kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwezicubu okubangelwa kukungaziphathi kakuhle komzimba kukhokelela ekwandeni kokuphinda kusebenze kwakhona kwe-bronchial, edema kunye nokuqeshwa kwakhona kweeseli. Olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba i-IgE iluncedo ekuphenduleni kwamajoni omzimba kwizithinteli ze-allergen ngenxa yamandla ayo okubangela ukukhutshwa komlamli weeseli zemast, ekhokelela ngqo kuzo zombini iimpendulo zesigaba sokuqala kunye nesiphelo.
Zeziphi izinto ezichaphazelekayo xa usabela komzimba:
Allergen Ngokwesiqhelo iprotein, enokuthi ivelise ukungalunganga.
I-Immunoglobulin (IgE) I-antibody ebandakanyeka kwi-allergies.
Iseli enkulu Ngaba iiseli zomzimba zokuzikhusela ezifumaneka eluswini, kumatshini wokuphefumla nakwindlela yokwetyisa. Iimolekyuli ze-IgE ziqhotyoshelwe kumphezulu wazo. Imbali kunye nabanye abalamli baveliswa ziiseli zemasti, ezithi zikhutshwe ngexesha lokungalungelani okubangela iimpawu zokungabikho komzimba.
Imbali Igcinwe ngaphakathi kweseli yemasti kwaye ikhutshwe ngexesha lokuxabisa. Ngaba inako ukunciphisa imithambo yegazi (i-vasodilation), yonyusa ukugcwala kwemithambo yegazi (ukuvuza kwamanzi) kwaye ivuselele imithambo-luvo. Oku kubangela ubomvu, ukudumba kunye ukurhawuzelela.