Akukho lunyango isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD). Nangona kunjalo, kukho uluhlu lonyango onokuthi ulwenze kunye nokuziphatha onokukwenza ukuze uncede ukuyeka ukuqhubela phambili-ukukunceda ukuba uphile kakuhle nale meko. Ugqirha wakho uya kusebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye nawe ukuphuhlisa umntu isicwangciso sokuzilawula ukugubungela ubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nokuba wenzeni xa uqala ukuziva ubambi.

Nceda ukuyeka ukutshaya

Ukuba unayo COPD kunye nomsiUkuyeka inokuba yeyona nto inkulu onokuyenza ukunciphisa iimpawu zakho kwaye uncede uyeke imeko yakho isiba mandundu. Cela inkxaso kugqirha wosapho lwakho ngale nto. Banakho ukubonelela:

  • Iimveliso ezingena endaweni yeNicotine, ezifumaneka kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngeentsini, inhaler, ukutshiza ngeempumlo, isikhumba, ilosenge okanye ithebhulethi yolwimi
  • Amayeza okunciphisa iminqweno yakho ye-nicotine kunye neempawu zokurhoxa
  • Inkxaso yokuziphatha njengokuzimeleyo, iqela, okanye ingcebiso kwi-Intanethi.

Abo bafumana indibaniselwano yenkxaso kunye namayeza bajikeleze amatyeli amathathu kunokwenzeka ukuba bayeke ngempumelelo.

Gonywa

Unomkhuhlane wonyaka wokukukhusela kwiintsholongwane zentsholongwane yomkhuhlane ebusika nganye. Awunamathuba okuba ube ne-COPD flare-ups okanye ugule kakhulu kwaye kufuneka uye esibhedlele.

Unokucela ugqirha wakho ukugonywa nge-pneumococcal. Oku kuya kukhusela kusulelo lwe-pneumococcal, olwenza inyumoniya kunye nezinye izifo. Uya kuyidinga kube kanye kuphela, hayi minyaka le.

Ukuba awunayo indibaniselwano yokukhohlela / yokubola komqala / yetetanus jab njengomntu ofikisayo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba nayo.
Kuya kufuneka une COVID-19 ugonyo kwakamsinya nje ukuba oku kufumaneke kwindawo yakho. Uphando lubonisa ukuba umngcipheko wokubandezeleka kweempawu ezinzima kunye COVID-19 iphezulu kwabo baneCOPD.

Ukuvuselelwa kwenkqubo yemiphunga

Ukuvuselelwa kwisifo sepulmonary (PR) yinkqubo yokuzilolonga, ulwazi kunye neengcebiso ezikunceda ukuba uhlale ukhuthele ukuba unemiphunga efana neCOPD ekwenza uphefumle. Uninzi lweenkqubo ze-PR zihlala malunga neeveki ezintandathu, apho uya kumenywa khona ukuba uye kwiiseshoni zeqela amatyeli aliqela ngeveki.
I-PR ihlala ihanjiswa liqela labaqeqeshi bezempilo-kubandakanya i-physiotherapists, abongikazi abaziingcali, kunye nezidlo-kwiindawo zoluntu. Malunga nesiqingatha seseshoni yeqela ngalinye lichithwa ekubekweni kweliso umzimba. Umbono kukuba uphume kancinci kancinci-uza kujongwa ukuze ube nakho ukuzilolonga ngokukhuselekileyo.
Nangona i-PR ayisiyonyango ye-COPD, iqinisekisile izibonelelo zoku:

  • Ukuphucula amandla emisipha, ukuze uphefumle ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ungaphefumli
  • Yenza ukuba ufunde iindlela zokumelana ngcono nokuziva ungaphefumli
  • Yandisa inqanaba lakho lokomelela komzimba
  • Phucula impilo yakho yengqondo
  • Kukunceda ufunde ngendlela imeko yakho ekuchaphazela ngayo kunye nendlela onokuyilawula ngcono ngayo. Imizekelo yezihloko ibandakanya ubuchule be-inhaler, ukutya okusempilweni, ukulawula uxinzelelo kunye nokudakumba, kunye nento onokuyenza xa uziva ungalunganga.

Kukho ubungqina bokuba abantu abazibandakanya ne-PR banokuhamba ngakumbi, bazive ngcono kwimisebenzi yabo yemihla ngemihla, kunqabile ukuba badinge ukuya esibhedlele, ukuphucula impilo yabo kwaye bahlala bekwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini.

Lawula naziphi na ezinye iingxaki zempilo

Iimeko eziqhelekileyo zokuba ne-COPD zibandakanya izifo zentliziyo, umhlaza wemiphunga, i-osteoporosis, uxinzelelo, uxinzelelo kunye ne-reflux yegastro-esophageal. Banokuchaphazela indlela i-COPD yakho eqhubela phambili ngayo, ngakumbi ukuba abafunyaniswanga kwaye bahlala benganyangwa.
Ugqirha wakho uya kukubuza malunga noku ukulungiselela unyango lwakho ngokubanzi kunye nempilo ngokubanzi.

Amachiza

Kukho uluhlu olubanzi lwamayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga iCOPD. Banokunceda ukunciphisa Iimpawu zeCOPD, kunciphise ukuba zingaphi ii-flare-ups onazo kwaye zibukhali kangakanani, phucula amandla akho okwenza umthambo, kwaye ikugcine usempilweni kangangoko. I-COPD ichaphazela wonke umntu ngokwahlukileyo ukuze ugqirha wakho asebenze nawe ukwenza elona phakheji lonyango lilungele iimfuno zakho. Injongo kukuphucula indlela ophendula ngayo kunyango kunye nokulinganisela okuchasene neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ulawulo lweempawu, ukuqaqanjelwa, kunye neendleko.

Abaphefumli

Isixhobo somoya sithumela amayeza ngqo kumoya wakho nasemiphungeni njengoko uphefumla ngaphakathi. Ayizizo zonke i-inhalers ezifanayo, ke ugqirha okanye umongikazi uya kukubonisa indlela yokusebenzisa isixhobo sakho ngokuchanekileyo. Unyango olungena ngaphakathi olusetyenziselwa i-COPD lubandakanya:

I-beta-2-agonists (SABA) emfutshane okanye esebenza ngokuchasene ne-muscarinics (SAMA)

I-SABA kunye ne-SAMA zihlala zikhetha kuqala. Ezi zi-bronchodilators-zenza ukuphefumla kube lula ngokuphumla nokwandisa iindlela zomoya ezincinci. Oko kunokunciphisa ukungaziva mnandi xa imiphunga yakho igqithile. Usebenzisa olu hlobo lwe-inhaler nanini na xa uziva uphefumla ukuya kuthi ga kwimini.

I-beta-2-agonists esebenza ixesha elide (i-LABA) kunye ne-anti-muscarinics (LAMA) esebenza ixesha elide

I-LABA kunye ne-LAMA zisetyenziswa ukuba usenempawu zemihla ngemihla ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-SABA okanye i-SAMA inhaler yakho ngokuchanekileyo. Iziphumo zabo zokulungiswa kwentsimbi zihlala ixesha elide ngenxa yoko kuya kufuneka uzisebenzise kube kanye okanye kabini ngemini.

Ukungenisa i-corticosteroid (ICS)

Ukuba kukho imfuneko, i-ICS inokongezwa kwi-inhaler yakho esebenza ixesha elide ukunceda ukunciphisa ukudumba kwindlela yakho yomoya. I-ICS inokuthintela malunga nekota ye-flare-ups.

Amacwecwe omlomo

Ukuba iimpawu zakho zeCOPD azilawulwa kakuhle ngonyango olunganyangekiyo, ugqirha wakho unokuncoma ukongeza ithebhulethi yomlomo, ipilisi, okanye icapsule. Kuxhomekeke kweliphi iyeza abalicebisayo, kungafuneka ukuba uwathathe yonke imihla, okanye xa ufumana ulusu okanye usuleleko lokuphefumla.

Theophylline

Le bronchodilator yomlomo, ihlala ithathwa kabini ngemini. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokubandakanya intloko ebuhlungu, ukuziva ugula (isicaphucaphu), iingxaki zokulala (ukulala, ukubetha kwentliziyo, okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo / ukubetha kwentliziyo ngendlela engaqhelekanga (ukubetha kwentliziyo). Ugqirha wakho uya kukujonga kwaye ahlengahlengise idosi yakho ukulinganisa ulawulo lweempawu ngokuchasene nokunciphisa naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Iziyobisi zeMucolytic

Ukuthatha iyeza le-mucolytic yonke imihla ngamanye amaxesha kunokunceda ukuba ukhohlokhohlo oluqhubekayo lwephlegmy. Yenza i-phlegm ibe lula ukukhwehlela. I-Carbocisteine ​​yinto echazwe ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-mucolytic-ithathwa njengethebhulethi okanye i-capsule ihlala kathathu okanye kane ngosuku. Enye i-mucolytic-ebizwa ngokuba yi-acetylcysteine-iza njengomgubo oxutywe namanzi ngaphambi kokuwuthatha.

Oral steroids

Oku kunciphisa ukuvuvukala komoya. Zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizifundo ezimfutshane- ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezintlanu- ukunyanga ukuvutha kakhulu. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokubandakanya ukuzuza ubunzima, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, kunye nokwenza buthathaka kwethambo (i-osteoporosis). Ke ngoko, ukuba ufuna ukuthatha i-steroids ixesha elide ugqirha uya kugcina idosi isezantsi kangangoko kwaye abeke esweni naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngononophelo.

Njengenxalenye yesicwangciso sakho solawulo lokuzilawula, ugqirha wakho unokukunika ikhosi emfutshane yeepilisi ze-steroid ukuze uzigcine ekhaya xa unokuphakama.

Antibiotics

Unokufuna ikhosi emfutshane ye-antibiotics ukunyanga usulelo lwesifuba kunye / okanye i-COPD flare-up. Ugqirha wakho unokukunika ikhosi enye ye-antibiotics ukuze uhlale ekhaya kwaye uthathe ukuba uhlakulela iimpawu zesifo sesifuba.

Roflumilast

Olu luhlobo olutsha lonyango lweCOPD olubizwa ngokuba yi-phosphodiesterase-4 enzyme inhibitor. Ithathwa njengecwecwe lemihla ngemihla kwaye isebenza ukunciphisa ukudumba. Ugqirha oyingcali unokumisela i-roflumilast ukuba une-COPD ebukhali kwaye usafumana ama-flare-ups nangona usebenzisa unyango lwe-inhaler lwe-LAMA / LABA / ICS. I-Roflumilast ineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngaphezu konyango lwe-COPD, kubandakanya urhudo, ukuziva ugula, ukunciphisa ukutya, ukunciphisa umzimba, iintlungu zesisu, iingxaki zokulala kunye nentloko.

Iziyobisi womchamo

Oku kususa amanzi amaninzi emzimbeni. Banokukhulula amaqatha adumbileyo kwiimeko ezinzima zeCOPD.

Olunye unyango

Unyango lwe-Nebulizer

Ukuba i-COPD yakho ibukhali okanye une-flare-up embi, umatshini obizwa ngokuba yi-nebulizer unokukunceda uphefumle amayeza akho ngefemask okanye ngomlomo ukunceda ukukhulula iimpawu. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omkhathalelayo uqeqeshelwe ukwenza njalo, ungasebenzisa i-nebulizer ekhaya.

Unyango lweoksijini

Ukuba amanqanaba eoksijini egazini lakho ahlala ephantsi oku kunokubangela uxinzelelo olungakumbi entliziyweni yakho. Unokubonelelwa ngezixhobo ukuze ufumane unyango lweoksijini ekhaya. Oku akuyi kuyeka okanye kunciphise ukungaphefumli, kodwa kunokunciphisa iingxaki zentliziyo ezinje nge-pulmonary hypertension. Uyakwazi ukuphefumla ioksijini evela kumbonakalo wobuso okanye ityhubhu yempumlo. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo onokusebenzisa ioksijini yekhaya:

  • Unyango lweoksijini lwexesha elide luzinzisa amanqanaba akho eoksijini iiyure ezili-15 okanye nangaphezulu
  • Unyango lweoksijini lweambulensi- ekwabizwa ngokuba yioksijini ephathekayo- ikuvumela ukuba usebenze ngakumbi ekhaya okanye xa uphumela ngaphandle
  • Unyango lwe-oksijini oludlamkileyo lunokunceda ekunciphiseni ukuphefumla njengenxalenye yokuthomalalisa okanye ukuphela kokhathalelo lobomi.

I-oksijeni inokutsha kakhulu kwaye akufuneki utshaye xa unolu nyango ngenxa yomngcipheko womlilo okanye ugqabhuko-dubulo.

Ukungenisa umoya okungafunekiyo

Ukungenisa umoya okungafunekiyo (NIV) ngumatshini ophathwayo ekunceda uphefumle. Uphefumla ngobuso okanye ngempumlo - oogqirha abazukufuna ukufaka ityhubhu kwindawo yakho yetrachea (umbhobho womoya). Oomatshini be-NIV bathatha umsebenzi onzima ngaphandle kokuphefumla xa une-COPD e-flare-up kwaye ufuna ukunakekelwa esibhedlele.

Unyango lwe-NIV oluphumelelayo lunokusebenza kwiyure enye okanye ezimbini. Awunamathuba okuba ube neengxaki ngelixa usesibhedlele kwaye wandise amathuba akho okubuyela ekhaya ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuhlinzwa

Phantse umntu omnye kwabangama-50 abane-COPD bane-emphysema enokufumana inzuzo ekusebenzeni kokunciphisa umthamo. Lo msebenzi ujonge ukususa:

  • Ukonakala kwemisipha yemiphunga
  • Iindawo ezinkulu zomoya (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-bullae) ezibamba umoya.

Ukunciphisa ezona ndawo zichaphazeleke kakhulu kwimiphunga yakho kuvumela iindawo ezisempilweni ezisele ukuba ziphumle kwaye zisebenze ngcono.

Inani elincinci labantu abane-COPD enzima kakhulu linokuqwalaselwa ukufakelwa kwemiphunga. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ucinga ukuba ufanelekile.

Funda ngakumbi ngokunciphisa iimpawu zakho zeCOPD kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi kwisikhokelo sethu Ulawulo lweCOPD.

Imithombo:
I-BLF 2018. Iinkqubo zokunciphisa umthamo wamaphaphu we-emphysema.

I-BLF 2019. Luthini unyango lweCOPD?.

I-BLF 2020. Ukubuyiselwa kwimeko yesiqhelo kwimiphunga (PR).

I-BLF 2021. Unyango lweoksijini lwasekhaya.

I-ELF 2021. Ukuhlala kakuhle neCOPD.

I-ELF 2021. Ukuhlaziywa kwenkqubo yemiphunga kubantu abadala.

IGOLIDE 2021.

I-US NLM. 2021. COPD.

I-NHS 2019. Unyango. Isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD).

I-NHS 2020. I-Champix (varenicline).

OMHLE ngo-2017. Roflumilast yokunyanga isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga.

I-NICE 2018 (ihlaziyiwe ngo-2019). Isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga esingapheliyo kwi-16s: isifo kunye nolawulo. NG115.

ISoo Hoo GW. 2020. Ukungenisa umoya okungafunekiyo.