Yintoni iCOPD?

Isifo semiphunga esingapheliyo (Cronic obstructive pulmonary disease) (COPD) ligama lonyango elisetyenziswa ukuchaza imeko yemiphunga ebangela ukuba iindlela zomoya zibe mxinwa kwaye zibe ngumqobo nto leyo eyenza ukuphefumla kube nzima.[1]

Xa igama liphulwe phantsi, unokubona ukuba inkcazo iyifumana njani intsingiselo yayo:

Isifo esinganyangekiyo: imeko yexesha elide kunye neqhubekayo engayi kuhamba

Isithintelo: indlela yomoya emiphungeni yakho inciphile kwaye iye yavaleka okanye ivalekile, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kubo ukukhupha umoya.

Pulmonary: imeko echaphazela imiphunga yakho

Izifo: imeko yonyango eyaziwayo 

I-COPD inokuchazwa njengesifo seendlela zomoya (i-bronchitis engapheliyo) kunye / okanye isifo se-air sacs (emphysema).

  • I-bronchitis engapheliyo Ufunyaniswa xa umntu eneempawu zokhohlokhohlo ixesha elide (iinyanga ezininzi okanye iminyaka) aze akhohlele iphlegm, ekwabizwa ngokuba sisikhohlela okanye umfinya. Idla ngokubangelwa kukutshaya, kodwa abantu abangazange batshaye nabo basebenza okanye bahlala kwindawo apho baphefumla uthuli, i-biomass fuels (umzekelo, iinkuni), imisi yeekhemikhali, okanye ukufudumeza kwasekhaya kunye nokupheka banokuba ne-bronchitis engapheliyo. Isifo se-reflux ye-gastroesophageal (esibizwa ngokuba yi-GERD) nayo inxulunyaniswa nolu kuxilongwa. 

I-bronchitis engapheliyo yisiphumo sokucaphuka kunye nokudumba kweetyhubhu ze-bronchial (iindlela zomoya) - iityhubhu ezinoxanduva lokuthwala umoya ngemiphunga. Imibhobho iyadumba kwaye ivelise ukwakheka kwe-mucus ecaleni komgca. Izakhiwo ezincinci ezifana neenwele ezikwimibhobho ebizwa ngokuba yicilia ngokuqhelekileyo zinceda ukukhupha umfinya kwimibhobho yomoya, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha azisebenzi kakuhle. Oku kubangela ukwakheka kweeplagi ze-mucus ekunzima ukukhohlela kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zenza kube nzima ukungena nokuphuma umoya emiphungeni. Abantu abane-bronchitis engapheliyo banokuba neempawu zesifuba okanye iintlungu zesisu.  

  • I-Emphysema ufunyaniswa kuphela ngovavanyo lokucinga lwemiphunga (njenge-CT scan) ebonisa umonakalo kwiindonga zeengxowa zomoya ezincinci kwimiphunga ekupheleni kwemibhobho ye-bronchial - ebizwa ngokuba yi-alveoli - lo monakalo wenza ukuba zandiswe. I-alveoli idla ngokudlala indima ephambili ekudluliseleni ioksijini egazini lakho kunye nokuhluza ikharbon diokside ibuyele ngaphandle. I-Emphysema ikhula ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye ayinguye wonke umntu one-emphysema yokuqala oneempawu, kodwa ukuba ne-emphysema kunokukwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla ngenxa yokuba iingxowa zomoya ezandisiweyo zibamba umoya emiphungeni. Ukuvalelwa komoya kufunyaniswa kusetyenziswa iimvavanyo zokusebenza kwemiphunga.

Malunga ne-380 yezigidi zabantu kwihlabathi jikelele bachatshazelwa yiCOPD. Ngunobangela wesithathu ophambili wokufa emva kwesifo sentliziyo kunye nestroke.[2]

Ukuba unesifo esingapheliyo semiphunga, kuba nzima ukuphefumla. I-COPD iqhubela phambili, oko kuthetha ukuba umonakalo kwimiphunga yakho awukwazi ukuguqulwa kwaye unokuqhubela phambili. Unyango, amayeza, kunye nohlengahlengiso lwendlela yokuphila kunokukunceda ukuba ufunde ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo, ukulawula iimpawu zakho, kwaye kunokucothisa ukuqhubeka kweCOPD. 

Iimpawu eziphambili ziquka:

  • Ukuphefumla ngokulula (igama eliqhelekileyo elisetyenziselwa ukuphefumla li Dyspnea
  • Ukukhohlela okuzingileyo kunye nephlegm
  • Ukusuleleka rhoqo esifubeni 
  • Ukujikeleza, ngakumbi kwimozulu ebandayo

Iimpawu zisenokubonakala ngalo lonke ixesha, okanye zisenokuba mbi ngakumbi ngamaxesha athile, njengaxa unosulelo okanye uphefumla umsi ophuma komnye umntu, umoya ongcolileyo, okanye umsi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukwanda, okanye ukugqabhuka, kweCOPD yakho. Uyakwazi ukufumana ezinye iimpawu kunye neCOPD, ngakumbi xa isifo siba sibi kakhulu okanye uneminye imiba yezempilo (i-comorbidities) nayo. 

Eminye imizekelo yezinye iimpawu ziquka:

  • Ukudinwa nokungabikho kwamandla 
  • Ukudumba kwamaqatha, imilenze kunye neenyawo, okubangelwa kukwanda kolwelo (oku kwaziwa njenge. nokudumba)
  • Ukuphulukana nobunzima bungaqondanga 
  • Ukufumana uxinzelelo lwesifuba okanye intlungu
  • Ukukhohlela igazi - nangona oku kunokuba luphawu lwenye into, ngoko ke iimvavanyo ezininzi zinokufuneka ukuze kuthintelwe ezinye iimeko.

Ukuba uneCOPD kwaye iimpawu zakho ziba mandundu, okanye awuqinisekanga ukuba uphawu lunxibelelene neCOPD, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho okanye umboneleli wezempilo.

I-COPD ikhula ngenxa yomonakalo wexesha elide kwimiphunga ebangela ukuba idumbe okanye yonakaliswe, ivaleke, kwaye inciphe. Ukutshaya ngoyena nobangela weCOPD. Noko ke, asingabo bonke abatshayayo, nkqu neentshayi kakhulu, ukuphuhlisa COPD, kwaye ubuncinane 20-30 ekhulwini abantu COPD abakhe batshaya.[3]  

Kubalulekile ukuyazi loo nto I-COPD inokuthintelwa! Ukuba ngaba umntu uphuhlisa okanye akaphuhli iCOPD ebomini bakhe iphenjelelwa ngumxube ontsonkothileyo wokusingqongileyo kunye nokwakheka kofuzo. Ngokomzekelo, uphando lwakutsha nje lucebisa ukuba ukuba neendlela ezincinci zomoya xa kuthelekiswa nobukhulu bemiphunga kunokubangela ukuba abantu babe namandla aphantsi okuphefumla kunye nomngcipheko owongeziweyo weCOPD. Iziganeko zobomi bokuqala ezifana nosulelo okanye umama otshayayo unokubeka umntu emngciphekweni wokuphuhlisa iCOPD.

risk izinto yeCOPD ibandakanya:

  • Abaxhasi bendalo
    • Ukutshaya icuba okanye imbali yokutshaya
    • Ukuchanabeka emsebenzini (umsebenzi) kuthuli, umsi, okanye imichiza
    • Ukumoshwa komoya
  • Imingcipheko yemfuza (oko kukuthi, ukunqongophala kwe-alpha-1 antitrypsin, imeko enqabileyo eyenza abantu babe sesichengeni seCOPD besebancinci)
  • Ukuphuhliswa kwemiphunga kunye nemiba yokuguga
  • Usulelo olungapheliyo (umzekelo, i-HIV inxulunyaniswa neCOPD)
  • Iingqwalasela zezentlalo nezoqoqosho
  • Ukosuleleka rhoqo kwesifuba somntwana okanye ukukhula kakubi kwemiphunga

ukutshaya

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukutshaya ngoyena nobangela weCOPD. Nangona ingengabo bonke abantu abatshayayo abahlakulela le meko, ukuyeka ukutshaya kunconyelwa kakhulu njengonyango olunikwe ikhonkco phakathi kokutshaya nomhlaza, isifo sentliziyo, kunye nezinye izifo ezinzulu ezingapheliyo. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezisekelwe kubungqina kunye neendlela zokunceda ukuyeka ukutshaya. Unyango endaweni yenikotini kunye namayeza abonakaliswe ukuba ayanceda.[4] Imibutho eliqela ikwabonelela ngamaqela enkxaso kunye nabaqeqeshi abaqeqeshelwe ukuxhasa abantu abayeka ukutshaya. 

Kuselithuba kakhulu ukuqonda iingozi zexesha elide zomphunga kunye nophononongo lwakwangoko lucebisa ukuba umphunga unxulunyaniswa nesifo semiphunga.[4] Uluntu lwezonyango lwe-COPD kunye nenkxaso ngokubanzi ayikukhuthazi ukusetyenziswa kwe-e-cigarettes kunye ne-vaping, nokuba yindawo yokutshaya icuba okanye njengesixhobo sokuyeka ukutshaya. Thetha neqela lakho lezempilo malunga nokuba yintoni enokukusebenzela ngcono.

Amafutha nothuli emsebenzini

Phantse i-24% yempembelelo yehlabathi jikelele ye-COPD ibangelwa kukuba sesichengeni emsebenzini.[5] Ngokutsho kweNkonzo yezeMpilo yeSizwe yase-UK, uthuli kunye neekhemikhali zasemsebenzini zinokubangela iCOPD, ngakumbi ukuba uyaziphefumlela, kubandakanya:[6]

  • Uthuli lweCadmium kunye nomsi.
  • Iinkozo kunye nothuli lomgubo.
  • Uthuli lwesilika.
  • Amafutha e-welding.
  • I-Isocyanates.
  • Uthuli lwamalahle.

Ukumoshwa komoya

Ungcoliseko lomoya wekhaya luchaphazela izigidi ngezigidi kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukutshisa izibaso kwimililo evulekileyo yokupheka nokufudumeza kumakhaya angangeni moya kakuhle kunokuba ngomnye woonobangela abaphambili. Oku kunokubeka abantu kumazwe amaninzi asaphuhlayo - ngakumbi abasetyhini, abenza uninzi lwemisebenzi yokupheka - emngciphekweni omkhulu weCOPD. Iindawo zokubasa iinkuni kunye nezifudumezi zikwanyusa ukungcoliseka komoya ngaphakathi.

Siyazi ukuba umoya ongekho mgangathweni ezidolophini nasezixekweni unokuba yingozi kwimiphunga yethu, ingakumbi kubantu abasele benentliziyo okanye abaneemeko zokuphefumla. Nangona kunjalo, akucaci ukuba oko kuchaphazela njani amathuba ethu okuphuhlisa i-COPD, njengoko uphando olungakumbi luyafuneka.[7]

Genetics

Ukuba unemeko yemfuza enqabileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), kunokwenzeka ukuba uphuhlise iCOPD. Malunga ne-3.4 yezigidi zabantu kwihlabathi jikelele bane-AATD, [8] ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu bokhokho baseYurophu.[9] 

I-Alpha-1-antitrypsin yikhemikhali eqhelekileyo eveliswa esibindini ekhusela imiphunga yethu kwizinto eziyingozi kunye nosulelo. Abantu abane-AATD abanalo i-alpha-1 antitrypsin, kwaye oku kunokukhokelela ekuphuhliseni i-COPD. Usenokuba neCOPD usemncinci kwaye iCOPD yakho ingaqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza,[10] ngakumbi ukuba uyatshaya.[11] Ukuba uyatshaya, kubaluleke nangakumbi ukuyeka. Buza ugqirha wakho okanye umboneleli wezempilo ukuba zeziphi ezinye iindlela zempilo kunye nendlela yokuphila onokuthi uyithathe kwaye ufune inkxaso yoluntu lwabanye nge-Alpha-1.

Abantu abaneCOPD banokuba neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuvuvukala ezinokuthi zichongwe ngokulinganisa iiseli zomzimba (umzekelo, i-neutrophils okanye i-eosinophils) okanye iiprotheni kwisikhwehlela okanye imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo kwi-air exhaled (FeNO). Ukuqonda okuphuculweyo kwamva nje kwezi subtypes zokudumba kunceda ababoneleli kunye nabaphuhlisi bamachiza bajolise kweyona ndlela yonyango ilungileyo.  

Kubantu abaninzi abaneCOPD, olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lokudumba kukudumba kwe-neutrophilic, ngakumbi abantu ababhemayo okanye ababetshayayo. Kodwa i-20-40% ine-Type 2 ukudumba ehambelana ne-eosinophils ephezulu.[12] Kulingo lwezonyango, abantu abanamanqanaba aphezulu eosinophil baphendule bhetele kunyango ngee-steroids ezifuthiweyo.[13]

Ukuba ufumana iimpawu eziqhubekayo zeCOPD - ezifana nokunyuka kokuphefumla, ukukhohlela okungasayi kuhamba, ukuphefumla, okanye ukusuleleka rhoqo kwesifuba - kungakhathaliseki ubudala bakho okanye imbali yokutshaya, bona ugqirha wakho okanye umboneleli wezempilo. 

Ukukhula

Ixhaphake kangakanani iCOPD? Ehlabathini lonke, malunga ne-380 yezigidi zabantu abaneCOPD. EYurophu, ngaphezu kwe-36 yezigidi zabantu abaneCOPD - oko kuphindaphindwe kane kubemi baseLondon.[14] I-COPD ayifunyaniswanga kakuhle kwaye ayifunyaniswanga kakuhle. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-COPD ikhula kancinci ngokuhamba kweminyaka, abantu abaninzi baqala ukuqaphela iimpawu kuma-50s. [15] Ukunqongophala kokufikelela kuvavanyo olufanelekileyo kunye nokungahambelani ekusebenziseni isikhokelo esinxulumene noxilongo nako kunegalelo kulo mba.[16]

I-COPD ihlala ichaphazela abo banamanqanaba asezantsi emfundo, umvuzo, kunye nengqesho kwaye ibonwa kumazinga aphezulu kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi ukuya ephakathi. Abaphandi kunye noluntu lwe-COPD lwe-advocacy lusebenza ukulungisa oku kungahambelani.

Inkqubo yokuxilonga

I-COPD ifunyaniswa njani? Amanyathelo amaninzi abandakanyekayo ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa kweCOPD. Ugqirha wakho uya kukubuza malunga neempawu zakho kunye nokuba zibuchaphazela njani ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla:

  • Ukuphefumula - ingaba iyazingisa, ingaba ibuhlungu ngokuhamba kwexesha, ingaba kubi ngakumbi xa usenza umthambo okanye wenze umsebenzi womzimba, ngaba kwenzeka ebusuku okanye ngamanye amaxesha?
  • Isiqhamo - iyafika idlule, ngaba ivelisa i-phlegm, ngaba uyavutha?
  • Usulelo lwesifuba - uzifumana kangaphi ezi zinto?
  • Imbali yosapho / yomntwana - ngaba naziphi na izihlobo zakho ezisondeleyo zinengxaki yokuphefumla, ibinjani impilo yakho njengomntwana kunye nomntwana?
  • Imiba yomngcipheko okanye ukubonakaliswa – ngaba uyatshaya okanye ukhe watshaya, ngaba umsebenzi wakho okanye ubomi bekhaya bukwenza udibane nongcoliseko lomoya (umzekelo: uthuli, umphunga, umsi, iigesi, imichiza, umsi ophuma ekhaya, okanye izibaso zokufudumeza)?
  • Ezinye iimpawu Ngaba ukhe wehla emzimbeni, ukudumba eqateni, ukudinwa, iintlungu esifubeni okanye ukukhohlela igazi? Oku akuqhelekanga, ngakumbi kwi-COPD emnene, kwaye kunokubonisa isifo esahlukileyo.

Baya kuphulaphula isifuba sakho nge-stethoscope, bathathele ingqalelo iminyaka yakho, kwaye ubale i-index mass body (BMI) ukusuka kubude kunye nobunzima bakho. 

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba uneCOPD, kuya kufuneka ubizwe uvavanyo i-spirometry.

I-Spirometry ilinganisa umthamo wakho wemiphunga kunye nokuba ungawuphefumlela ngokukhawuleza kangakanani umoya ngaphandle. Isiphumo esibizwa ngokuba ngumthamo wokuphelelwa ngamandla ngesekondi enye (FEV1) siya kulinganisa ubungakanani bomoya owukhuphayo kwimiphunga yakho. Oku kunye nezinye iziphumo zinokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba axelele ukuba imiphunga yakho ivalekile okanye ivalekile. 

I-Spirometry ngumgangatho wangoku wegolide wovavanyo lweCOPD; kunokunceda ukukhupha ezinye iimeko zemiphunga, ezifana ne-asthma (isifo semiphunga esingapheliyo esitshisa kwaye sicuthe imijelo yomoya). Usenokuba neX-reyi yesifuba, i-CT scan, okanye uvavanyo lwegazi ukuthintela ezinye iimeko kunye nokufumanisa i-COPD. Ngokuphathelele kwi-CT scans:

  • I-CT scan yedosi ephantsi yonyaka (LDCT) iyacetyiswa ukuba ihlolwe umhlaza wemiphunga kubantu abaneCOPD ngenxa yokutshaya, ngokweengcebiso kuluntu ngokubanzi.
  • I-LDCT yonyaka ayikhuthazwa ukuba ihlolwe umhlaza wemiphunga kubantu abaneCOPD enganxulumananga nokutshaya, ngenxa yedatha enganelanga ukuseka inzuzo phezu kokwenzakala.

Amanqaku abalulekileyo:

Ngawaphi “amanqanaba” eCOPD? Xa ufunyanisiwe, uya kuva malunga nobukhali bomda wokuhamba komoya ochazwe kusetyenziswa amabakala okuvavanya ukusebenza kwemiphunga IGOLIDE 1 (ethambileyo) -4 (ibi kakhulu), nokuba uneemphysema. Ezi nkcazo zinceda ababoneleli bakho bezempilo bacebise olona khetho lonyango olungcono kuwe.

Akuqhelekanga ukungazi ukuba uneCOPD. I-COPD ihlala ikhula kancinci kwiminyaka emininzi, ngoko akuqhelekanga ukungazi ukuba unayo. Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba iimpawu zakwangoko-ezifana nokuphefumla kancinci-zibangelwa kubudala, ukungami kakuhle, okanye ukuba nesifuba, kanti eneneni unobangela inokuba yiCOPD enokunyangwa kwangoko.

Ke ngoko, uninzi lwabantu lufunyaniswa beneCOPD kwiminyaka engama-60, kodwa abantu abadala banokuba neCOPD nakweyiphi na iminyaka.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba emva kokuqaphela iimpawu, abantu abaninzi bazama ukunciphisa imisebenzi yabo kunokuba bafune iingcebiso zonyango. Kodwa njengoko i-COPD inokuba nzima, kubalulekile ukubona umboneleli wakho wezempilo ngokukhawuleza kunokuba kamva. Ngesicwangciso sonyango esilungileyo, abantu abaneCOPD banokuphila ubomi obupheleleyo. 

Ngamanye amaxesha i-COPD ayixilongwa kakuhle njengoko kukho ezinye iimeko zemiphunga ezineempawu ezifanayo, ezifana ne-bronchiectasis kunye / okanye i-asthma okanye isifo senhliziyo. Kodwa abanye abantu abaneCOPD banazo ezi meko ngelixa beneCOPD njengoko imingcipheko yokuphuhlisa iyafana. 

Isishwankathelo soNyango

Inyangwa njani iCOPD? Nangona lungekho unyango lwe-COPD, ngonyango olululo, lunokulawulwa kwaye luphathwe ukumisa umonakalo ongakumbi kwimiphunga yakho, uphucule iimpawu zakho, kwaye uthintele ukugqabhuka. Iqela lakho leklinikhi liza kusebenza ngokusondeleyo nawe ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso solawulo lwesiqu sakho sokujongana nobomi bemihla ngemihla kunye namanyathelo omawuwathathe ukuba uqala ukuziva usiba mbi.

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zonyango olukhoyo lweCOPD. Ugqirha wakho unokukumisela:

  • Ukuvuselelwa kwemiphunga kuya kubonelela ngenkxaso kuhambo lwakho oluya kwimpilo engcono kwaye ikuncede ngesikhokelo sokuzilolonga, ukondla, kunye nezixhobo zokuyeka ukutshaya. 
  • Amayeza okusezela umoya abizwa ngokuba zii-bronchodilators, athi aphumze izihlunu ezijikeleze imijelo yomoya, okanye amanye amayeza atsalwe nge-inhaler okanye i-nebulizer.
  • Iisteroids ezinikezelwa nge-inhaler, ukunciphisa ukudumba kwimizila yakho yomoya.
  • Kwezinye iimeko, amayeza e-mucus ebhityileyo ayacetyiswa kubantu abafuna uncedo lokukhohlela i-mucus/phlegm eshinyeneyo.
  • Kwezinye iimeko, uya kufumana i-antibiotics okanye iipilisi ezichasayo zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvutha (ukunyuka).
  • Kwezinye iimeko, unokufuna utyando olunokuphucula iimpawu zakho.
  • Kwezinye iimeko, unyango lwe-oksijeni ngeyunithi yekhaya okanye itanki encinci ephathekayo. 
  • Kwezinye iimeko ezinxulumene nokugqabhuka (ukunyuka), ukuxhaswa kokuphefumula ngendlela ye-non-invasive ventilation (NIV) okanye unyango oluphezulu lwempumlo (HFNT) luya kunikwa.

Ngamanye amaxesha kunokubhida ukuqonda izixhobo zakho okanye ukhumbule ukuba ungawathatha njani kwaye nini amayeza. AWUKHO wedwa; oku kuxhaphake kakhulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukujonga kunye nogqirha wakho okanye iqela lezempilo, kubandakanywa nosokhemesti wakho, kwaye ubuze nayiphi na imibuzo onayo. Babonise indlela osebenzisa ngayo i-inhaler okanye i-nebulizer kwaye uthethe ngamanyathelo; bacele ukuba balungise nayiphi na into onokuthi ube uyenza ngokungalunganga ngokungazi. Khumbula kwakhona ukuba ioksijini eyongezelelweyo (eyongezelelweyo) liyeza elimiselweyo. Ngalo naliphi na iyeza, ukuba uyalibala ulwazi malunga nokuba lingakanani okanye kaninzi kangakanani na, cela uncedo. Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba i-inhaler okanye isixhobo sakho asifanelekanga kwiimfuno zakho, yazisa ugqirha wakho. Iqela lakho lezempilo lifuna ukuba unyango lwakho lubonelele ngeyona nto iluncedo kwaye lunokukunceda uhlale endleleni. 

Ukuvuselelwa kwenkqubo yemiphunga

Ukuvuselelwa kwemiphunga ngumsebenzi, imfundo kunye nenkqubo yenkxaso. Uya kusebenza kunye nengcali yokuphefumla ukukunceda ufunde ukwenza umthambo ngokukhuselekileyo, uhlala kakuhle neCOPD, kwaye uphefumle ngokulula. Yeyona ndlela inefuthe kakhulu yokunciphisa ukulaliswa esibhedlele ekuphuculeni ukusinda kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu kubantu abaneCOPD. Ukuzimasa inkqubo yokubuyisela kwisimo semiphunga, nokuba kubuqu okanye ngokoqobo, kufuneka ube nomyalelo ovela kumboneleli wakho wezempilo. 

Cinga ngokufunda ngakumbi malunga neenkqubo ezifana Harmonicas for Health® enokukunceda ukuqinisa izihlunu ezisetyenziselwa ukuphefumla, ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho, kwaye udibanise noluntu lwabantu abaqondayo amava akho ngemeko yemiphunga.

Ukunyangwa kweCOPD exacerbations (ukugqabhuka) 

Lunyangwa njani ukonyuka kweCOPD? I-COPD flare-ups inokulawulwa ngesicwangciso sokusebenza - indlela egqitywe nguwe kunye nogqirha wakho. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho kunye neemfuno zonyango, isicwangciso sakho sinokubandakanya ukuthatha i-antibiotics okanye i-steroids ukunciphisa iimpawu zakho. Ngokuvutha okukhulu, ukulaliswa esibhedlele kungafuneka. Ukulandela iingcebiso zeqela lakho lokhathalelo lwempilo kunyango kunye nolawulo kunokukunceda ukunqanda ukuvutha kwaye ugcine iCOPD yakho izinzile. Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nezicwangciso zokwenza kamva kweli phepha.

Ukunyanga iCOPD eMandundu

Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunyanga i-COPD? ngumbuzo obuzwa rhoqo. Alukho unyango olulodwa olululo lweCOPD enzima-unyango olucetyiswa ngugqirha wakho luya kuxhomekeka ngokupheleleyo kwiimpawu kunye neemeko zakho, kwaye unyango lwakho luya kulungelelaniswa neemfuno zakho. KwiCOPD eqatha, unokufuna indibaniselwano yonyango, kunonyango olunye.

Kwiimeko ezinzima zeCOPD ngenxa ye-emphysema, utyando luyafuneka ngamanye amaxesha ukususa iindawo ezonakalisiweyo zemiphunga, ukuvumela iindawo eziphilileyo ukuba zisebenze ngcono. Kwinani elincinci leemeko, uqhaqho-fakelo lwemiphunga lunokuba lukhetho.

Utyando lwevalve

Utyando lwevalvu ye-Endobronchial yinkqubo entsha ejoliswe kubantu abaneemphysema eqatha. Kubandakanya ukubeka iivalvu ezincinci kwimibhobho yomoya ukuvala amalungu emiphunga eyonakeleyo. Le nkqubo inokunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kwi-diaphragm yakho, incede iindawo eziphilileyo zemiphunga yakho zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo kwaye unciphise ukuphefumla.

Njengaso nasiphi na isigulo esingapheliyo, kubalulekile ukuba unamathele kwindlela emiselweyo kunye neshedyuli yamayeza achazwe ngugqirha wakho. Oku kuya kukunika elona thuba lilungileyo lokuthomalalisa iimpawu kwaye uthintele ukugqabhuka kunye nokulaliswa esibhedlele okunokwenzeka.

Unyango lwexesha elizayo

Loluphi unyango olutsha lweCOPD? Uphando kwi-COPD luyaqhuba kwaye njengoko unyango olutsha lufunyanwa, ngokuthe ngcembe luye lufumaneke ukuzama. Kuthatha ixesha ukuba unyango olutsha luvunywe, nangona ungakwazi ukufikelela kulingo lwezonyango. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nento ekhoyo kwingingqi yakho nokuba ungumgqatswa ofanelekileyo. Amaqela enkxaso yezigulane ahlala ethumela amalingo ekliniki afuna abathathi-nxaxheba. Kukho inani lebhayoloji kunye namanye amayeza anoveli kuphuhliso.

Ukusebenza nogqirha wakho okanye omnye umboneleli wezempilo ukulawula iCOPD yakho kunokunceda ukucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwayo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokugqabhuka, kwaye ugcine iimpawu ziphantsi kolawulo. Kukho amanyathelo asebenzayo onokuwathatha ukutshintsha indlela ophila ngayo kwaye ulawule iimpawu zakho. Oku kunokubandakanya:

  • Ukuziqhelanisa nemithambo yokuphefumla. 
  • Ukuyeka ukutshaya. 
  • Ukwenza umthambo rhoqo.
  • Ukugcina ubunzima obunempilo kunye nokutya ukutya okunempilo, okunokulinganisela.
  • Ukuthatha amayeza njengoko kuchaziwe.
  • Ukuhlala unolwazi malunga nogonyo.
  • Ukujonga impilo yakho yeemvakalelo.
  • Ukuphepha izinto ezinokubangela umsi wezithuthi, umsi wecuba kunye nothuli.
  • Sebenzisa ilaphu elifumileyo ukumanzisa uthuli kwikhaya lakho kwaye ususe amasuntswana othuli. 

Makhe sixubushe ngezinye zezi nkcukacha ngakumbi.

Imithambo yokulawula ukuphefumla

Ubuchule bokuphefumla kunye nemithambo yokulawula ukuphefumla kunokukunceda ukulawula ukuphefumla. Ukuzivocavoca okunjengomlomo ogxininisiweyo okanye ubuchule be-diaphragmatic bufanelekile ukuziqhelanisa rhoqo. Banokunceda ukomeleza izihlunu ozisebenzisela ukuphefumla kwaye ukhulise ukuzithemba kwakho, ke uya kuyazi indlela yokusingatha izinto ukuba ukuphefumla kwakho kuya kuba mandundu okwethutyana. Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba ukudibanisa ubuchule kunye nokwenza iindlela ezininzi kunokuphucula iimpawu zeCOPD kunye nomgangatho wobomi.[18]

Ukuphefumla komlomo oqalekisiweyo 

Ukuphefumla ngomlomo kulula ukufunda. Inceda ukucotha ukuphefumla kwakho, ikwenza kube lula ukuba imiphunga isebenze, kwaye inceda ukugcina iindlela zakho zomoya zivulekile ixesha elide. Ingaqheliselwa nangaliphi na ixesha kwaye isetyenziswe ukunceda ukulawula ukuphefumla kwakho xa usenza umthambo.

  • Hlala okanye ume kwaye uphefumlele ngaphakathi kancinci ngeempumlo zakho.
  • Vala umlomo wakho, ngokungathi uza kubetha umlozi.
  • Phefumla ngokucothayo kangangoko unako ngemilebe egximfiziwe kwaye ujonge ukuphefumlela ngaphandle kangangexesha eliphindwe kabini logama ubuphefumlayo – kunokunceda ukubala njengoko usenza oku.
  • Phinda umthambo kahlanu, wakha ixesha elingaphezulu ukwenza ukuphindaphinda oku-10.

Ukuphefumla ngokwendalo

  • Ukuphefumla nge-diaphragmatic yindlela apho ujonge ukuphefumla kwi-diaphragm yakho, endaweni yesifuba sakho esingasentla. Idla ngokubizwa ngokuba 'ukuphefumla esiswini sakho'. Hlala okanye ulale ngokukhululekileyo kwaye uphumle umzimba wakho kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
  • Beka isandla esinye esifubeni sakho kunye nesinye esiswini sakho.
  • Ukuphefumlela ngempumlo ukuya kuthi ga kwimizuzwana emihlanu, uve umoya ushukuma uye esiswini sakho kwaye isisu sakho siphakama. Ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka ukwazi ukuva isisu sakho sihamba ngaphezu kwesifuba sakho.
  • Yibambe imizuzwana emibini, emva koko uphefumlele ngaphandle ukuya kuthi ga kwimizuzwana emihlanu ngempumlo yakho.
  • Phinda umthambo kahlanu.

Ukuphefumla nzima okanye indlela 'yokuvuthela njengoko-uhamba' 

Indlela yokuphefumla enzima yenye enokusetyenziswa xa usebenza. Inokwenza kube lula ukwenza imisebenzi efuna umgudu.

  • Ngaphambi kokuba wenze umgudu (njengokusukuma), phefumlela ngaphakathi.
  • Ngelixa usenza umzamo, phefumlela phezulu. Unokukufumanisa kulula ukuphefumla nzima ngelixa ucoca imilebe yakho.

Ukuzivocavoca ngeCOPD

Xa ufunyaniswa une-COPD, kungalula ukuwela kumjikelo wokungasebenzi. Ungayiphepha imisebenzi ekwenza uzive uphefumla okanye ukhathazeke ngokuhlangabezana nokuba ufumana ubunzima bokuphefumla ngelixa usenza umthambo. Nangona kunjalo, umthambo ubonakaliswe ukunceda ukuthomalalisa iimpawu zeCOPD kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho. Ukwenza umthambo kunokunceda ekuphuculeni amandla omzimba nokunyamezela, kunye nokwakha izihlunu ozisebenzisayo ukuphefumla. Xa le misipha yomelele, awuyi kufuna ukusebenzisa ioksijini eninzi, eya kunceda ukunciphisa ukuphefumla kwakho kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Akukho mnye umthambo ongcono kumntu oneCOPD, kodwa zininzi iindlela ezilungileyo onokuzizama. Abantu abaneCOPD banokufumana ukuhamba, i-tai chi, ukukhwela ibhayisekile (ngaphandle okanye kwibhayisikile emileyo), ukusebenzisa iintsimbi zezandla, okanye ukolula ukuze kube luncedo. Ukuba ufuna uncedo lokuhlala nomsebenzi, fumana umhlobo okanye umhlobo onokuhamba naye. Ukuba nenkampani kunokukunceda ukukuphazamisa kwinto yokuba wenza umthambo kwaye kunokonyusa ukuzithemba kwakho ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nokuphefumla ngelixa uwedwa.

Phambi kokuba uqalise inkqubo entsha yomthambo, thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze akucebise. Basenokude bacebise inkqubo yokuvuselela imiphunga ukuze ikuncede usebenzise umzimba, ufunde ngakumbi ngeCOPD yakho, kwaye uqhagamshelane nabanye abaneemeko zemiphunga.

Nangona imithambo ibalulekile, akulunganga ukuzinyanzela ukuba wenze umthambo xa ungaziva mnandi okanye uziva ugqabhuka. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokusebenzisa i-oximeter (isixhobo esilinganisa ioksijini egazini lakho) xa usenza umthambo ukujonga inqanaba le-oxygen egazini lakho. Yiba nengqiqo kwaye, ukuba unayo nayiphi na inkxalabo malunga neempawu zakho, qhagamshelana nogqirha.

isondlo

Njengezinye iimeko ezininzi zempilo, ukutya ukutya okunempilo kunenzuzo. Ukudibanisa ukutya okunesondlo kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo kunokukunceda ukuba ugcine ubunzima obunempilo - obungekho phantsi kakhulu okanye obuphezulu kakhulu kuwe. Kunokuba nzima ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na ebandakanya ukutya okunempilo kwaye loluphi uluhlu lobunzima olulungele wena. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba yintoni ekulungeleyo ukuba utye, cela ugqirha wakho okanye iqela lokhathalelo lwezempilo ukuba likukhokhele. Ukuba ikhona kuwe, ingcali yezondlo inokukunceda ukuba uchonge ukutya okunempilo kunye nokutya kunye nokufezekisa ukulinganisela okusebenza kwindlela yakho yokuphila.

Ukuphila ngokweemvakalelo

Ukuphila neCOPD kunokubeka uxinzelelo kwimpilontle yakho yengqondo kunye neemvakalelo kunye neyosapho kunye nabahlobo bakho. Ukuphila nesifo esinganyangekiyo kunokukudinisa kuze kukushiye uxhalabile, udandathekile, okanye uphantsi. Ngapha koko, oku kunokukwenza ukuba ungabinamsebenzi, nto leyo enokuba nefuthe kwiCOPD yakho.

Kubalulekile ukuba uzijonge kwaye uthathe ixesha lokuziqhelanisa nokuzikhathalela. Thatha ixesha lokugxila kuwe kwaye wenze imisebenzi ebalulekileyo kuwe. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nezinto ongathanda ukuzenza. Chazela abanye abantu indlela oziva ngayo kwaye ucinge ngokujoyina iqela lenkxaso lasekuhlaleni okanye le-intanethi okanye uthethe nomcebisi. Awudingi ukulawula iCOPD uwedwa.

Iigonya

I-COPD inokukubeka emngciphekweni ophezulu wokugula kakhulu ngenxa yomkhuhlane (umkhuhlane), i-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), inyumoniya, kunye COVID-19. Kubalulekile ukuba ube nogonyo olucetyiswa ngugqirha wakho kwaye lufumaneke kwilizwe lakho (umzekelo, i-jab yomkhuhlane yonyaka, ugonyo lwe-pneumococcal, i-tDap, kunye COVID-19, RSV, kunye nogonyo lwe-herpes zoster/shingles, apho lukhoyo). Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba yeyiphi ishedyuli yokugonya ekulungeleyo. Kwakhona kuya kunceda ukuphepha iindawo ezixineneyo, ukugquma ubuso, ukuba kude, kwaye uhlambe izandla rhoqo ukuze unciphise umngcipheko wakho. 

Izicwangciso zolawulo lweCOPD

Ulawulo lweCOPD okanye isicwangciso sesenzo seCOPD sisikhokelo sendlela yokulawula imeko yakho yemihla ngemihla. Esi sicwangciso kufuneka siphuhliswe nguwe kunye nogqirha wakho ngokuthe ngqo kwiinjongo zakho zobuqu kunye neempawu. Isicwangciso sakho kufuneka siquke amayeza amiselweyo, umthambo wokuphefumla, ukutya kunye nomthambo, kunye nenkxaso yeemvakalelo. Enye inxalenye ephambili yesicwangciso solawulo lweCOPD kukuphepha izinto ezinokuthi zibangele ukuba kunokwenzeka (umzekelo, ukuba sesichengeni kungcoliseko lomoya, umsi wecuba, umsi wezithuthi, ukutshaya icuba, nothuli). Ukuba ngoku uyatshaya, yeka ukutshaya. Ukuthatha la manyathelo kunokuncedisa ukunciphisa umngcipheko weempawu eziba mandundu okanye ezibangela ukugqabhuka. 

Uya kuvumelana nogqirha wakho okanye iqela lezempilo malunga nokuba ngawaphi amanyathelo ekufuneka uwathathe xa iimpawu zakho ziba mandundu. Qiniseka ukuba uphinda undwendwele isicwangciso sakho rhoqo - ubuncinane rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu - ngoko ke sihlaziyiwe. 

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuba ngonyango olufanelekileyo, ulawulo, ukutya okunomsoco, ukuzivocavoca, ukulungiswa kwemiphunga, kunye nokubonisana rhoqo nogqirha wakho okanye iqela lezempilo, unokuphucula iimpawu zakho kwaye uphile kakuhle neCOPD. 

Ingakanani iminyaka elindelekileyo yokuphila kwabantu abaneCOPD? Lo ngumbuzo oqhelekileyo. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibandakanyekayo kwixesha elilindelekileyo lokuphila kwaye akukho manani amiselweyo kubantu abaneCOPD okanye nayiphi na imeko engapheliyo. Umntu oneCOPD unokubona ukuphucuka kweempawu zakhe kwaye abe nokugqabhuka okumbalwa (ukunyuka), ngakumbi ukuba iCOPD ifunyaniswe kwangethuba, kwaye umonakalo ongaphaya kwemiphunga unokuthintelwa. Kunokuba ugxininise kwiwotshi, THATHA IMALI yokulawula imeko yakho kwaye usebenze kunye neqela lakho lokhathalelo lwempilo ukuze udibanise isicwangciso solawulo seCOPD esinokuhlaziywa njengoko iimfuno zakho ziguquka. Qhagamshelana nezinye izigulana ngokujoyina uluntu olubonelela ngenkxaso kwi-intanethi okanye kwindawo yakho. Icandelo leZibonelelo lingezantsi liqulethe unxibelelwano kwimibutho enika inkxaso kuluntu.  

Izixhobo eziNcedo

Ucaphulo

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